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Cibinong, situated in West Java's Bogor Regency at coordinates -6.4850, 106.8420, occupies a strategic position within Indonesia's Greater Jakarta metropolitan region. The city lies approximately 30 kilometers south of central Jakarta, placing it within the influential urban–rural gradient of the Jabodetabek megacity. Cibinong's terrain is characterized by relatively flat lowlands with an average elevation of 110 meters above sea level, transitioning toward the foothills of the Bogor highlands to the south. This positioning creates a distinct geographic context where urban expansion from Jakarta meets agricultural zones and natural landscapes. The city is flanked by the Ciliwung River watershed system, with several smaller rivers flowing through the area, though no major bodies of water directly border the urban core. Cibinong's location within West Java's industrial corridor means it experiences influences from both local urban emissions and regional transport of pollutants from Jakarta's industrial belt. The surrounding landscape includes rice paddies and agricultural fields to the east and south, while urban development dominates the northern sectors toward Depok and Jakarta. This geographic configuration creates a complex air quality dynamic where local vehicular emissions, small-scale industries, and domestic burning interact with pollutants transported from the massive urban agglomeration to the north. The relatively low elevation and proximity to Jakarta's pollution sources make Cibinong particularly vulnerable to degraded air quality, especially during periods of atmospheric stagnation when pollutants accumulate in the basin-like topography of the region.

Cibinong's air quality follows distinct seasonal patterns shaped by West Java's tropical monsoon climate, though the city lacks clearly defined temperature-based seasons. During the northwest monsoon from November to March, increased rainfall typically improves air quality by washing pollutants from the atmosphere, making these months generally more favorable for outdoor activities. However, occasional dry spells within this period can lead to temporary pollution accumulation. The transition months of April and October often see variable conditions as monsoon patterns shift. The southeast monsoon from June to September brings drier weather from Australia, reducing rainfall and increasing the potential for pollutant buildup. This dry season, particularly July through September, represents the peak pollution period when reduced precipitation allows particulate matter to accumulate. Meteorological factors significantly influence these patterns: temperature inversions can occur during cool nights in the dry season, trapping pollutants near the surface. Wind patterns generally flow from Jakarta toward Cibinong during daytime, transporting urban pollutants southward. Morning fog is common year-round due to the region's humidity, sometimes mixing with pollution to create haze. Sensitive groups including children, elderly residents, and those with respiratory conditions should limit outdoor exertion during late dry season months when pollution peaks. Morning hours typically offer better air quality before traffic emissions peak, while late afternoons may see improved conditions as sea breezes occasionally ventilate the area. The city's proximity to Jakarta means regional pollution events can affect Cibinong regardless of local conditions, particularly during atmospheric stagnation periods.