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Khomeynī Shahr is a significant urban center located approximately 10 kilometers northwest of Isfahan in Iran's Central Plateau, positioned at coordinates 32.6803°N, 51.5361°E with an elevation around 1,590 meters above sea level. This city sits within the Zayandeh River basin, though it's not directly adjacent to major water bodies, contributing to its arid continental climate. The urban landscape transitions from dense residential and commercial areas in the city center to more mixed-use zones on the outskirts, blending into the agricultural plains that characterize much of Isfahan Province. Khomeynī Shahr's location places it within Iran's industrial heartland, with proximity to manufacturing facilities, textile mills, and metalworking plants that form part of the broader Isfahan metropolitan industrial belt. The surrounding terrain is relatively flat with gentle slopes toward the river valley, creating conditions where pollutants can accumulate rather than disperse efficiently. The city's position downwind from Isfahan's heavier industrial zones means it often receives transported pollution, while local emissions from transportation and residential heating add to the burden. The urban-rural gradient shows decreasing pollution levels moving away from the city center toward agricultural lands, though these farmlands themselves contribute particulate matter during planting and harvest seasons. This geographical setting—in a basin with limited natural ventilation, surrounded by industry and agriculture—creates a challenging environment for air quality management.

In Khomeynī Shahr, air quality follows distinct seasonal patterns shaped by the region's continental climate. Winter months from December to February typically see the worst pollution due to temperature inversions that trap pollutants close to the ground, combined with increased emissions from residential heating systems burning fossil fuels. Cold, stagnant air creates hazardous conditions, particularly for children, elderly residents, and those with respiratory conditions who should limit outdoor exposure during morning hours when inversions are strongest. Spring brings some relief as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing pollutants, though March and April can experience dust storms from surrounding arid lands that temporarily degrade air quality. Summer months from June to August feature the cleanest air despite high temperatures, as thermal convection and occasional breezes help ventilate the basin, making this the optimal season for outdoor activities. However, ozone levels may rise on hot, sunny days, posing risks for active individuals and those with asthma. Autumn sees a gradual deterioration as temperatures drop and atmospheric stability returns, with October and November marking the transition back to winter pollution patterns. Throughout the year, sensitive groups should monitor local air quality reports and plan outdoor activities for midday when mixing is typically best, avoiding early mornings and late evenings when pollutants concentrate near the surface.