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Borvāyeh-ye Al Bū ‘Azīz is situated in the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran, positioned at coordinates 31.6283°N, 48.6147°E within the vast Mesopotamian plain that extends from the Tigris-Euphrates basin. This urban center lies approximately 20-30 meters above sea level in a predominantly flat terrain characterized by alluvial deposits from the Karun River system, which flows southward toward the Persian Gulf. The city's location places it within Iran's primary agricultural and industrial belt, surrounded by extensive date palm groves, sugarcane plantations, and rice paddies that create a distinct urban-rural gradient. Proximity to major industrial complexes in Ahvaz (about 50 kilometers northwest) and Abadan (approximately 100 kilometers south) means the region experiences transboundary pollution transport, particularly during northwesterly shamal winds. The absence of significant topographic barriers allows pollutants to accumulate over the low-lying basin, especially during temperature inversions. The arid landscape, with limited vegetation cover outside irrigated zones, contributes to dust resuspension, while the Karun River's seasonal fluctuations influence local humidity and particulate matter dispersion. This geographic setting—flat, low-elevation, and embedded in an active agricultural-industrial corridor—creates a natural basin effect that traps emissions from urban activities, vehicle traffic, and regional industry, significantly degrading air quality through both local generation and imported pollutants.

In Borvāyeh-ye Al Bū ‘Azīz, air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern shaped by the region's arid climate and meteorological conditions. During spring (March-May), rising temperatures and frequent shamal winds from the northwest transport dust from the Mesopotamian deserts, leading to elevated particulate matter levels, particularly in April and May; sensitive groups should limit outdoor exertion during dust storms. Summer (June-August) brings intense heat exceeding 45°C, which increases ozone formation from vehicle and industrial emissions, while low wind speeds and persistent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the surface, making early mornings the worst time for outdoor activity. Autumn (September-November) sees gradual improvement as temperatures drop and occasional rainfall settles dust, though October can experience lingering haze from agricultural burning after harvests. Winter (December-February) presents the most challenging conditions: cold, stagnant air creates strong temperature inversions that trap emissions from heating sources, while fog and low-level clouds reduce dispersion, leading to prolonged poor air quality episodes, especially in January; vulnerable populations should monitor air quality indices closely and use air purifiers indoors. Throughout the year, the absence of monsoon systems means pollution peaks are driven by local meteorology rather than seasonal rains, with the worst conditions typically occurring during winter inversions and spring dust events.