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Meybod, nestled in the Yazd Province of Iran, occupies a geographically significant position within the central Iranian plateau. Located at coordinates 32.2456° N, 54.0153° E, the city sits at an elevation of approximately 1000 meters (3281 feet), contributing to a relatively arid climate. The surrounding landscape is dominated by desert terrain, part of the vast Dasht-e Kavir, with sparse vegetation and rocky outcrops. Meybod’s urban character is defined by its historic mud-brick architecture, reflecting centuries of adaptation to the harsh environment. The city isn’t proximate to significant bodies of water; its water supply relies on qanats, ancient underground channels tapping into distant aquifers. While not a major industrial hub, Meybod has a growing presence of small-scale manufacturing, particularly in textiles and ceramics, alongside traditional crafts. Surrounding the city is a gradient of rural agricultural land, primarily focused on date palm cultivation and limited wheat farming. This combination of desert, limited vegetation, and localized industry creates a unique set of conditions impacting air quality. Dust storms originating from the surrounding deserts are a frequent occurrence, and the topography, with limited natural ventilation, can trap pollutants, exacerbating air quality issues. The urban-rural gradient influences pollutant dispersion, with higher concentrations typically found within the city center.

Meybod experiences a stark seasonal air quality narrative dictated by its desert climate. Spring (March-May) brings temporary relief as occasional rainfall settles dust, but increasing temperatures and agricultural activity can elevate particulate matter. Summers (June-August) are typically the worst period, characterized by intense heat, prolonged drought, and frequent dust storms originating from the Dasht-e Kavir. These storms dramatically increase PM10 and PM2.5 levels. Temperature inversions, common during calm summer nights, trap pollutants close to the ground. Autumn (September-November) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures cool and winds increase, dispersing pollutants. However, the burning of agricultural residue after harvest can cause localized spikes in pollution. Winters (December-February) are relatively cleaner, with infrequent rainfall and less agricultural activity. However, increased use of fossil fuels for heating can contribute to localized increases in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should avoid strenuous outdoor activity during summer months and periods of dust storms. Monitoring wind patterns is crucial; avoid outdoor exertion when winds are blowing from the desert regions. The months of November to February generally offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities.