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San Mauro Torinese, nestled in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy, occupies a geographically significant position within the broader Turin metropolitan area. Located approximately 15 kilometers northwest of Turin, the city’s coordinates (45.1039, 7.7536) place it within the western foothills of the Alps, specifically the western slopes of the Superga hill. This terrain, characterized by rolling hills and valleys, significantly influences local air circulation patterns. The elevation, averaging around 300 meters above sea level, contributes to a tendency for temperature inversions, particularly during the colder months, trapping pollutants closer to the ground. San Mauro Torinese sits within a transitional zone, exhibiting a gradual urban–rural gradient. To the south and east lies the dense industrial belt of Turin, a major source of emissions, while to the north and west, the landscape shifts to agricultural land and forested areas, offering some natural air purification. The Dora Riparia river flows nearby, providing a limited moderating effect on local climate and potentially influencing humidity levels, which can impact particulate matter dispersion. The proximity to the Alps also means that prevailing winds can be channeled through the valleys, concentrating pollutants in specific areas. The surrounding landscape, a mix of vineyards, orchards, and scattered rural settlements, contributes to a complex interplay of sources and sinks for air pollutants, making localized air quality management a nuanced challenge.

San Mauro Torinese’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Winter, spanning December to February, typically presents the most challenging period. Cold, stable air masses frequently lead to temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air sits above cooler air near the ground, preventing vertical mixing and trapping pollutants. Fog, common during these months, further exacerbates the issue by reducing visibility and hindering pollutant dispersal. Reduced solar radiation also limits photochemical reactions that can break down pollutants. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, disrupting inversions and promoting better ventilation. However, agricultural activities, including the use of fertilizers and machinery, can contribute to localized emissions. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with strong solar radiation driving photochemical degradation of pollutants and frequent convective mixing dispersing them. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to stagnant air conditions. Autumn (September-November) marks a transition period, with decreasing temperatures and increasing humidity, often resulting in a resurgence of localized pollution episodes, particularly during periods of calm winds. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter mornings and periods of stagnant air, limiting outdoor exertion and monitoring local air quality information. Avoiding peak traffic times and choosing less congested routes can also minimize exposure.