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Séguéla, nestled within the Woroba State of Ivory Coast, occupies a geographically significant position in the country’s north-central region. Located at approximately 7.9611° latitude and -6.6731° longitude, the city sits at an elevation of around 480 meters (1,575 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively mild climate compared to coastal areas. The surrounding landscape is dominated by undulating savannas and woodlands, transitioning into denser forests further north and east. This savanna ecosystem supports extensive agricultural activities, primarily cocoa and coffee cultivation, alongside subsistence farming. Séguéla’s proximity to the Niger River basin, though not directly on the river itself, influences regional rainfall patterns and contributes to the area’s overall humidity. The urban fabric of Séguéla is characterized by a gradual urban–rural gradient; the city center exhibits a denser concentration of buildings and commercial activity, while the periphery blends seamlessly into the surrounding agricultural lands and smaller villages. There are no major industrial belts immediately adjacent to Séguéla, though smaller-scale processing facilities related to agricultural products are present. The terrain, a mix of gently sloping hills and flat plains, can influence local wind patterns, potentially trapping pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The relatively open savanna landscape generally allows for good air circulation, but agricultural burning practices during dry seasons can significantly impact local air quality. The city’s location, inland and elevated, shields it somewhat from coastal maritime influences, but exposes it to regional dust events originating from the Sahel.

Séguéla experiences a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons rather than the four traditional seasons. The dry season, typically spanning from November to April, presents the most significant air quality challenges. During this period, reduced rainfall and lower humidity create conditions conducive to the accumulation of particulate matter. Agricultural burning, a common practice for land clearing and crop residue disposal, becomes widespread, releasing substantial amounts of smoke and pollutants into the atmosphere. Temperature inversions, where cooler air becomes trapped beneath a layer of warmer air, are also more frequent during the dry season, further hindering the dispersion of pollutants. The months of January and February often see the poorest air quality due to the combination of these factors. The wet season, from May to October, brings relief as increased rainfall washes away particulate matter and higher humidity reduces the concentration of airborne pollutants. However, heavy downpours can occasionally stir up dust and contribute to localized flooding, which can temporarily degrade air quality. Wind patterns play a crucial role; prevailing winds from the north during the dry season can transport dust and smoke from regional sources. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting outdoor activities during peak burning periods and seeking shelter indoors when smoke is thick. Maintaining good hydration and avoiding strenuous activity are also recommended.