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Maisaka, a small city nestled within Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, presents a unique geographic context influencing its air quality. Located at 34.6857°N, 137.6272°E, the city occupies a relatively flat coastal plain bordering Suruga Bay, a deep inlet of the Pacific Ocean. This proximity to the ocean introduces maritime influences, moderating temperatures and potentially dispersing pollutants, but also contributing to humidity and the formation of sea breezes. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the foothills of the Southern Alps, creating a backdrop of forested slopes. Maisaka’s elevation is low, averaging around 30 meters above sea level, which can contribute to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. While not heavily industrialised itself, Maisaka benefits from its position within Shizuoka, a prefecture known for its manufacturing, particularly automotive and tea processing. Agricultural zones, primarily tea plantations and citrus groves, surround the city, contributing to biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with densely populated areas concentrated around the train station and gradually transitioning to agricultural land and forested hills. This interplay of coastal, mountainous, agricultural, and limited industrial influences shapes Maisaka’s air quality profile.

Maisaka’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern, heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Spring (March-May) often sees increased pollen counts, impacting respiratory health, alongside moderate pollution from agricultural burning preparing fields. Summer (June-August) brings the humid subtropical climate of Shizuoka, with occasional typhoons that can temporarily improve air quality through wind dispersal, but also exacerbate flooding and mould growth. Autumn (September-November) is generally the clearest period, with stable high-pressure systems and cooler temperatures promoting pollutant dispersion. However, temperature inversions become more frequent, trapping pollutants in the valley. Winter (December-February) is characterised by cold, dry air from Siberia, leading to increased use of heating and potential for stagnant air conditions. This period often experiences the poorest air quality. Fog, common during winter mornings, can further concentrate pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and periods of high pollen in spring. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; winds from the northwest can carry pollutants from industrial areas inland. Avoiding peak commuting hours can also reduce exposure.