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Az Zarqā’ occupies a strategic position in northern Jordan, situated approximately 20 kilometres northeast of Amman within the Zarqa River basin. This industrial city rests at an elevation of around 600 metres above sea level on the eastern edge of the Jordanian highlands, where the terrain transitions from the relatively fertile western regions toward the arid eastern desert plains. The city's geography creates a natural funnel effect for air masses, with the surrounding semi-arid landscape offering little vegetation to filter pollutants. Az Zarqā’ lies within Jordan's primary industrial corridor, hosting numerous factories, refineries, and manufacturing facilities that contribute significantly to its air quality challenges. The Zarqa River, though often reduced to a seasonal flow, runs through the city but provides minimal moderating influence on pollution dispersion. Urban expansion has created a sharp urban-rural gradient, with dense residential areas blending into industrial zones without substantial green buffers. The city's location downwind from Amman occasionally brings transported pollution, while its position in a basin-like topography can trap emissions under stable atmospheric conditions. This combination of industrial concentration, topographic containment, and limited natural ventilation mechanisms makes Az Zarqā’ particularly vulnerable to air quality degradation, especially when combined with Jordan's prevailing climatic patterns.

Az Zarqā’ experiences distinct seasonal air quality patterns shaped by Jordan's Mediterranean-influenced climate with desert characteristics. During winter (December-February), cooler temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, particularly during calm nights and mornings when industrial and residential heating emissions accumulate. This season often sees the worst air quality, with January typically being the most problematic month for sensitive groups. Spring (March-May) brings gradual improvement as increasing temperatures and more frequent winds help disperse pollutants, though occasional dust storms from eastern deserts can temporarily spike particulate levels. Summer (June-August) features the cleanest air despite high temperatures, as strong daytime thermal mixing and consistent northwesterly winds effectively ventilate the basin, though ozone formation may increase during afternoon hours. Autumn (September-November) marks a transition period where decreasing winds and the return of nocturnal inversions begin to rebuild pollution layers, with November often showing deteriorating conditions. Sensitive individuals should minimize outdoor exertion during winter mornings and be cautious during spring dust events. The best months for outdoor activities are typically June through September when dispersion conditions are optimal. All residents should monitor local air quality reports during periods of stagnant weather, particularly when high pressure systems dominate the region.