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Nariman, nestled in the Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan, occupies a geographically significant position within the Fergana Valley, a fertile intermontane basin renowned for its agricultural productivity. Located at approximately 40.5972° N, 72.7946° E and an elevation of around 1,150 meters (3,773 feet) above sea level, the city’s terrain is gently sloping, transitioning from the valley floor towards the surrounding foothills of the Pamir-Alay mountain range. This proximity to the mountains, while providing stunning vistas and contributing to a relatively mild climate, also presents challenges for air quality. The valley’s topography often traps pollutants, particularly during periods of temperature inversion. Nariman’s urban character is that of a small, developing town, primarily reliant on agriculture and small-scale industry. The surrounding landscape is dominated by orchards, cotton fields, and vineyards, contributing to seasonal agricultural emissions. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; the city quickly gives way to agricultural land, with scattered rural settlements. The nearby Kara Darya River, a vital water source for the region, influences local humidity and can impact the dispersion of airborne particles. Industrial activity, though limited, is concentrated in areas processing agricultural products, and these facilities can contribute to localized pollution. The Fergana Valley's position as a major agricultural hub in Central Asia means that seasonal burning of crop residues, a common practice, significantly impacts regional air quality, with effects felt in Nariman.

Nariman’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions and agricultural practices. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated winter pollutants. However, dust storms, common in the region, can temporarily degrade air quality. Summer (June-August) is generally the most favorable period, with consistent winds and higher temperatures promoting good ventilation. The intense heat, however, can exacerbate ground-level ozone formation under certain conditions. Autumn (September-November) marks a concerning shift. As temperatures cool, temperature inversions become more frequent, trapping pollutants near the ground. Agricultural burning of crop residues, particularly after the cotton harvest, significantly elevates particulate matter levels, creating periods of poor air quality. Winter (December-February) is typically the most challenging season. Cold temperatures, frequent fog, and persistent temperature inversions lead to stagnant air and the accumulation of pollutants. Indoor heating, often reliant on inefficient stoves and fuels, further contributes to the problem. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter, particularly on days with visible fog or smoke. During the summer months, limiting strenuous outdoor activity during the hottest part of the day is advisable. Maintaining good ventilation indoors and avoiding exposure to smoke from burning materials are crucial preventative measures throughout the year.