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Ambatolahy, nestled within the Toliara region of Madagascar, occupies a geographically significant position on the southwestern coast. Located at approximately -20.0082 latitude and 45.5385 longitude, the town’s setting is characterized by a gently sloping terrain transitioning from coastal plains to the foothills of the Andrefana massif. This proximity to the Indian Ocean exerts a considerable influence on local climate and, consequently, air quality. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of spiny forest, a unique biome adapted to arid conditions, interspersed with pockets of agricultural land primarily dedicated to cassava, maize, and vanilla cultivation. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; Ambatolahy itself is a small, primarily residential town, quickly giving way to the extensive spiny forest and scattered rural settlements. There's limited heavy industry within or immediately adjacent to Ambatolahy; however, the regional capital, Toliara, lies approximately 150km to the north, and occasional transport of goods between the two locations can contribute to localized emissions. The elevation is relatively low, averaging around 50 meters above sea level, which can exacerbate the trapping of pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The coastal location also means that sea breezes play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating airborne particles, depending on wind direction and strength. The prevalence of wood-fired cooking stoves in the surrounding rural areas contributes to regional particulate matter, some of which can be transported to Ambatolahy.

Ambatolahy experiences a distinctly tropical climate with a wet and dry season, rather than the four seasons familiar in temperate zones. The dry season, typically spanning from May to October, is characterized by consistently low rainfall and high temperatures. During this period, air quality can be negatively impacted by the increased prevalence of dust and particulate matter lifted by strong, dry winds blowing in from the interior. The lack of rainfall means there's minimal atmospheric cleansing, allowing these particles to accumulate. The dry season also sees increased burning of vegetation for agricultural purposes, further contributing to particulate pollution. Conversely, the wet season, from November to April, brings frequent rainfall and higher humidity. This rainfall effectively ‘washes’ the atmosphere, significantly reducing particulate matter and improving air quality. However, periods of prolonged fog, common during the transition months (November/December and March/April), can trap pollutants close to the ground, leading to localized episodes of reduced visibility and potentially elevated concentrations of certain gases. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in colder climates, can occasionally occur, particularly during the cooler months of the dry season, trapping pollutants near the surface. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of strong winds or dust storms. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the wet season, although vigilance regarding fog is advised.