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Amboasary sits as a vital gateway within the rugged, semi-arid landscape of Madagascar’s southern Androy region. Located near the Mandrare River, the city serves as a critical hub for the surrounding hinterlands, acting as a transitional zone between the coastal influences and the dense, spiny thicket of the interior. The terrain is predominantly low-lying and characterized by a harsh, sun-drenched topography that defines its urban character. This landscape is a mosaic of scrubland, alluvial plains near the river, and increasingly encroached agricultural zones. The city's proximity to the Mandrare River provides a crucial lifeline, yet the lack of dense vegetation in the broader periphery means the urban–rural gradient is marked by significant exposure to wind-blown particulates. The geographical position of Amboasary makes it highly susceptible to aeolian processes; the lack of natural windbreaks allows dust from the surrounding dry soils to permeate the urban core easily. As the population grows, the expansion of informal settlements into the peripheral scrublands further alters the local microclimate, reducing the ability of the land to trap airborne matter. The convergence of seasonal winds and the flat, open nature of the southern Madagascar plains means that particulate matter is not easily dispersed, often settling within the residential streets. Consequently, the city's air quality is inextricably linked to the moisture levels of the soil, the prevailing wind patterns, and the ongoing shifts in regional land use and the intense solar radiation that defines the extreme southern climate of this unique and increasingly fragile Malagasy coastal environment.

In Amboasary, the air quality narrative is dictated by the stark contrast between the wet and dry seasons characteristic of southern Madagascar. During the long dry season, which typically spans from May to October, air quality undergoes significant degradation. As the landscape parches, the lack of moisture allows fine dust to become highly mobile, driven by the steady South-East Trade Winds that sweep across the southern plains. This period also coincides with increased biomass burning; residents frequently rely on wood and charcoal for cooking and heating, releasing smoke and fine particulates into the low-lying urban atmosphere. Thermal inversions during cool, dry nights can trap these pollutants near the ground, exacerbating exposure. Conversely, the wet season from November to April offers a period of much-improved air quality. Frequent rainfall effectively "washes" the atmosphere, scrubbing suspended particulates and dust from the air, while increased vegetation helps stabilize the soil. During these months, the air feels fresher, and the risk of respiratory irritation is significantly lower. For outdoor activities, the mid-wet season is generally most favorable, whereas the peak of the dry season, particularly during windy afternoons in August, should be approached with caution. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma, should minimize prolonged outdoor exertion during the dry months. Utilizing indoor spaces during peak cooking hours and wearing masks in dusty conditions can provide necessary protection against the seasonal surge in airborne matter that characterizes the region during its most intense and arid weather cycles.