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Beroy Atsimo, nestled within the Toliara Province of Madagascar, occupies a geographically significant position in the southwest of the island. Located at approximately -24.0044 latitude and 44.6642 longitude, the town is situated relatively close to the coast, influenced by the Mozambique Channel. The terrain is characterised by a mix of dry deciduous forest, spiny forest, and increasingly, areas impacted by deforestation and agricultural expansion. The elevation is low-lying, contributing to limited natural dispersion of pollutants. Beroy Atsimo isn’t a large industrial hub, but its regional importance as a market town and transport node means increased vehicle traffic. Surrounding the town are extensive agricultural lands, primarily focused on subsistence farming and increasingly, cash crops like sisal and cotton. These agricultural practices, including slash-and-burn techniques, contribute to particulate matter pollution, particularly during the dry season. The urban-rural gradient is quite sharp; the town itself is relatively compact, quickly giving way to rural landscapes. This proximity to agricultural zones and the coastal environment, combined with the flat topography, creates a unique set of air quality challenges. Dust from unpaved roads and seasonal burning further exacerbate the situation, impacting local air quality.

Beroy Atsimo experiences a distinct wet and dry season, heavily influencing air quality. The wet season, roughly November to April, brings relief from dust and particulate matter as rainfall effectively washes pollutants from the air. However, increased humidity can foster mold growth, potentially impacting respiratory health. The most favourable time for outdoor activity is generally during the latter part of the wet season, when the air is cleaner and temperatures are moderate. Conversely, the dry season, from May to October, sees a significant deterioration in air quality. Strong winds pick up dust from the surrounding agricultural lands and unpaved roads, leading to increased particulate matter concentrations. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler nights of the dry season, trap pollutants near the ground. Burning for land clearing and agricultural purposes peaks during this period, adding to the pollution burden. August and September are typically the worst months for air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exposure during these months. Monitoring local conditions and staying indoors when dust levels are high is crucial for protecting health. The prevailing southeast trade winds also play a role, occasionally carrying dust from inland areas.