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Centre de Flacq, nestled within the Flacq District of Mauritius, occupies a geographically significant position on the island’s eastern coast. The town itself sits at a relatively low elevation, approximately 150 meters above sea level, within a gently sloping alluvial plain formed by the Grand River South East (GRSE). This river, a vital waterway, influences the local microclimate and drainage patterns. The surrounding landscape is a dynamic blend of agricultural land – primarily sugarcane fields – and increasingly, small-scale residential development. The urban character of Centre de Flacq is that of a bustling market town, serving as a commercial hub for the wider Flacq region, exhibiting a gradual urban-rural gradient as one moves inland towards the forested hills of the eastern interior. The proximity to the Indian Ocean, approximately 5km to the east, plays a crucial role in moderating temperatures and influencing prevailing wind patterns. While there are no major industrial belts directly adjacent to Centre de Flacq, the broader eastern region experiences some agricultural processing activities, and the island's main airport, Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport, is located a short distance south, contributing to localized emissions. The terrain, characterized by its flat, fertile plains, facilitates agricultural expansion, but also limits natural ventilation, potentially trapping pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The GRSE acts as a natural barrier, influencing airflow and potentially concentrating pollutants within the town and its immediate surroundings.

Mauritius’s tropical climate dictates a wet and dry season cycle, significantly impacting air quality in Centre de Flacq. The wet season, typically from November to April, brings increased rainfall and higher humidity, generally leading to improved air quality as precipitation washes away particulate matter. However, periods of intense rainfall can also lead to localised flooding, potentially releasing pollutants from inundated areas. The dry season, from May to October, often sees a decrease in rainfall and an increase in sunshine hours. This can result in a build-up of pollutants, particularly during periods of stagnant air. Temperature inversions, more common during the cooler, drier months of June and July, can trap pollutants close to the ground, exacerbating the situation. The prevailing trade winds, which typically blow from the southeast, are crucial for dispersing pollutants; however, their strength can vary considerably. During the wet season, the monsoon winds can bring moisture and occasional dust from the African continent, impacting air quality. Fog, though infrequent, can also trap pollutants, particularly in the mornings. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the drier months, particularly when agricultural burning is occurring in surrounding fields. Outdoor activities are generally more favourable during the wet season, although heavy rainfall can still pose a challenge. The intensity of agricultural activities, including burning of sugarcane residue, is a key factor influencing air quality fluctuations throughout the year.