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Baie du Tombeau, nestled within the Pamplemousses District of Mauritius, occupies a unique coastal position on the island’s northwest shore. Its coordinates, -20.1138, 57.5066, place it within a gently sloping terrain transitioning from the verdant interior towards the Indian Ocean. The name itself, meaning ‘Tomb Bay’ in French, hints at the area’s historical significance and a relatively secluded character compared to more bustling coastal hubs. The surrounding landscape is dominated by sugarcane fields, a defining feature of Mauritian agriculture, extending inland from the coastal fringe. This proximity to agricultural land introduces potential sources of particulate matter, particularly during harvesting seasons when burning of crop residue can occur, though regulations aim to minimize this. The bay itself is sheltered, offering a degree of protection from strong winds, but also potentially trapping pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The urban character of Baie du Tombeau is primarily residential, with a scattering of small businesses and tourism-related establishments catering to the nearby beach. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; the village quickly gives way to agricultural land and then to the more rugged terrain of the island’s interior. Elevation is generally low, rarely exceeding 50 meters above sea level, which influences local wind patterns and the dispersion of pollutants. The proximity to the ocean provides a natural ventilation pathway, but also introduces the possibility of sea salt aerosols impacting air quality. There are no major industrial belts immediately adjacent to Baie du Tombeau, but the broader Pamplemousses region does contain some light industrial activity, which could contribute to regional air pollution.

Mauritius’s tropical climate dictates a wet and dry season pattern, significantly influencing Baie du Tombeau’s air quality. The dry season, typically from May to October, often sees clearer skies and reduced rainfall, but can also lead to increased concentrations of particulate matter. This is partly due to reduced atmospheric cleansing by rain and potentially increased dust from agricultural activities. During this period, temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, can occur, particularly during calmer nights, hindering the vertical dispersion of pollutants. The wet season, from November to April, brings frequent rainfall and higher humidity. These conditions generally improve air quality by washing away particulate matter and reducing dust. However, periods of intense rainfall can sometimes lead to localized flooding, which can temporarily release pollutants from saturated soils. The monsoon winds, particularly the northeast monsoon during the wet season, play a crucial role in dispersing pollutants, often carrying them away from the coastal areas. Fog, while less frequent than rain, can also trap pollutants, leading to temporary reductions in visibility and increased exposure. Outdoor activities are generally more favourable during the wet season, particularly from December to February, when rainfall is consistent and temperatures are moderate. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, especially during periods of calm weather or when agricultural burning is occurring. Monitoring local weather forecasts and being aware of potential agricultural activities is advisable.