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Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada, nestled within the municipality of Tijuana in Baja California, Mexico, occupies a strategically important position on the border with the United States. Located at approximately 31.7958° N, 116.5911° W, the city’s geography is characterized by a gently sloping terrain transitioning from the coastal plains towards the foothills of the Sierra de Juárez mountain range. This proximity to the mountains significantly influences local weather patterns and, consequently, air quality. The city sits relatively close to the Pacific Ocean, approximately 15 kilometers away, providing a moderating influence on temperatures but also introducing potential sources of marine-derived pollutants. The surrounding landscape is a mix of urban development, agricultural fields (primarily focused on fruits and vegetables), and arid scrubland. Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada is part of a continuous urban corridor stretching along the US-Mexico border, experiencing a rapid urban–rural gradient. To the east, the terrain rises more steeply, while to the west, it gradually merges with the coastal zone. Industrial activity is concentrated further north in Tijuana, but its impact, including emissions from manufacturing and transportation, is felt in Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada. The city’s location within a broad, relatively shallow basin contributes to the potential for air pollution accumulation, particularly during periods of stagnant air. The prevailing northwesterly winds, however, often provide some degree of ventilation, though their effectiveness varies seasonally. The overall topography creates a complex interplay of factors affecting the dispersion of pollutants.

Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada experiences a Mediterranean climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, profoundly impacting air quality throughout the year. The dry season, typically spanning from April to October, is often associated with poorer air quality. During these months, reduced rainfall and increased temperatures contribute to the buildup of pollutants. Temperature inversions, a common meteorological phenomenon in this region, frequently occur during the dry season, trapping emissions close to the ground. These inversions, where a layer of warm air sits above cooler air, prevent vertical mixing and exacerbate pollution concentrations. The summer months (July and August) often see increased dust and particulate matter due to dry winds and agricultural activities. Conversely, the wet season (November to March) brings relief as rainfall helps to cleanse the atmosphere, washing away particulate matter and reducing overall pollutant levels. Fog, particularly during the winter months, can also trap pollutants, leading to localized episodes of reduced visibility and elevated concentrations. The transition periods between seasons are often characterized by variable air quality, influenced by shifting wind patterns and temperature fluctuations. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of stagnant air or fog. Limiting outdoor exertion and monitoring local air quality reports are advisable. During the wet season, while generally cleaner, periods of heavy rainfall can still lead to increased mold and mildew, impacting indoor air quality.