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Los Reyes de Salgado, nestled within the state of Michoacán, Mexico, occupies a geographically significant position in the western highlands. Located at approximately 19.58° N, 102.47° W, the city sits at an elevation of roughly 1,750 meters (5,742 feet) above sea level, contributing to a cooler, often drier climate compared to coastal regions. The surrounding landscape is characterized by rolling hills and valleys, typical of the Trans-Mexican Neovolcanic Belt, a region formed by volcanic activity. This terrain influences local wind patterns, which can sometimes trap pollutants, particularly during periods of atmospheric stability. Los Reyes de Salgado is situated within a predominantly agricultural zone, with maize and avocado cultivation being significant economic drivers. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, can contribute to particulate matter pollution through the use of machinery and, occasionally, controlled burns for land clearing. The urban–rural gradient is relatively gradual, with smaller agricultural communities interspersed throughout the surrounding hills. While not directly adjacent to major bodies of water, the city benefits from occasional rainfall, which can help to cleanse the air. The nearest significant industrial belt is located further east, towards the state capital, Morelia, meaning direct industrial emissions are less of a concern than agricultural practices and localized vehicle traffic. The city’s urban character is that of a growing regional center, with a mix of traditional architecture and modern development, impacting local air quality through increased vehicle use and construction activities.

Los Reyes de Salgado experiences a distinct wet and dry season pattern, significantly impacting its air quality. The dry season, typically spanning from November through April, is characterized by lower rainfall and increased sunshine. This often leads to a build-up of particulate matter, particularly PM2.5 and PM10, stemming from agricultural activities like harvesting and soil preparation. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler nights of this period, trap pollutants close to the ground, exacerbating the issue. The months of January and February often see the poorest air quality due to a combination of these factors. Conversely, the wet season, from May to October, brings increased rainfall and higher humidity, naturally cleansing the atmosphere and dispersing pollutants. Monsoon-like conditions, though less intense than in other parts of Mexico, contribute to this effect. Wind patterns shift during the wet season, generally becoming more prevalent and helping to flush out accumulated pollutants. Fog, while not a frequent occurrence, can occasionally form during the cooler mornings of the wet season, temporarily reducing visibility and trapping pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting outdoor activity during peak pollution periods. During the wet season, while air quality generally improves, the increased humidity can still trigger respiratory issues for some individuals. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can be beneficial year-round.