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Nahuatzén, nestled within the state of Michoacán, Mexico, occupies a geographically significant position in the broader Purépecha region. Located at approximately 19.65° latitude and -101.92° longitude, the city sits at an elevation of roughly 1,750 meters (5,742 feet) above sea level, placing it firmly within the Mexican Plateau. This altitude contributes to cooler temperatures and a distinct diurnal temperature range. The surrounding landscape is characterized by a mix of rolling hills, agricultural fields, and patches of pine-oak forest, typical of the temperate highlands. Nahuatzén’s proximity to Lake Cuitzeo, Mexico’s second-largest lake, influences local humidity and weather patterns, though the city itself isn't directly on the lakeshore. The urban character is primarily rural, with a developing town center and a gradual transition to agricultural land. The dominant land use is agriculture, with corn and beans being key crops, and small-scale livestock farming also prevalent. This agricultural activity, coupled with potential burning practices during land clearing, can contribute to localized air pollution. The urban–rural gradient is relatively smooth, with scattered settlements and farms surrounding the main town. The region's position within a broader agricultural belt, and its distance from major industrial centers, generally limits large-scale industrial pollution, though transportation corridors can introduce pollutants. Topography plays a crucial role; the surrounding hills can trap pollutants, particularly during periods of low wind, impacting air quality within the valley where Nahuatzén resides.

Nahuatzén’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by its subtropical highland climate. The dry season, typically spanning from November to April, often sees periods of stagnant air. Temperature inversions, common at this altitude, trap pollutants near the ground, particularly during the cooler mornings. Agricultural burning, a traditional practice for land preparation, intensifies during this period, releasing particulate matter and contributing to hazy conditions. February and March are often the months with the most noticeable impact from these practices. The wet season, from May to October, brings increased rainfall and higher humidity, which naturally helps to cleanse the atmosphere by washing away particulate matter. However, periods of intense rainfall can also lead to increased mold and fungal spores, impacting air quality for sensitive individuals. During the monsoon-like periods of July and August, wind patterns shift, dispersing pollutants more effectively. Fog, particularly in the cooler months, can also exacerbate air quality issues by trapping pollutants close to the ground. Individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of agricultural burning. Children and the elderly are also more vulnerable and should limit prolonged outdoor exposure during these times. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purifiers can be beneficial. The transition months of April and October offer generally improved air quality, with a balance of rainfall and moderate temperatures, making them favorable times for outdoor activities.