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Tuxpan, Michoacán, nestled in the southwestern Mexican state, occupies a geographically significant position within the Balsas Basin. Located at approximately 19.5661° N, 100.4625° W and an elevation of roughly 450 meters (1,476 feet) above sea level, the city’s terrain is characterized by gently rolling hills and fertile plains, typical of the region's volcanic soil. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields dedicated to maize, beans, and avocado cultivation, contributing to both the local economy and potential sources of particulate matter. Tuxpan sits near the Tepalcatepec River, providing a crucial water source and influencing local humidity levels. Its proximity to the larger industrial belt centered around Uruapan, though not immediately adjacent, means that industrial emissions can occasionally be transported via prevailing winds. The urban–rural gradient around Tuxpan is relatively gradual; the city seamlessly blends into the agricultural landscape, with smaller villages and rural communities dotting the surrounding hills. This close interaction between urban and agricultural activities impacts air quality, with agricultural burning practices during harvest seasons and vehicle emissions from transportation contributing to localized pollution. The Balsas Basin's topography, with its enclosed nature, can sometimes trap pollutants, exacerbating air quality challenges, particularly during periods of stagnant air. The climate, a humid subtropical type, further influences atmospheric conditions and pollutant dispersion.

Tuxpan experiences a distinct wet and dry season, significantly impacting its air quality profile. The dry season, typically spanning from March to May, often sees a rise in particulate matter concentrations. Agricultural burning, a common practice for land clearing and crop residue disposal, intensifies during this period, releasing significant amounts of smoke and ash into the atmosphere. Reduced rainfall and lower humidity contribute to the persistence of these pollutants, as there's less natural cleansing of the air. Conversely, the wet season, from June to October, brings frequent rainfall and higher humidity, which naturally washes away particulate matter and helps to dilute gaseous pollutants. However, periods of intense rainfall can also lead to flooding, potentially releasing mold spores and other allergens into the air. November and February represent transitional months, with variable weather patterns. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler evenings of the dry season, can trap pollutants near the ground, leading to localized air quality degradation. Fog, particularly in the mornings during the dry season, can also exacerbate this effect. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting outdoor activities during peak burning periods and days with stagnant air. During the wet season, those with allergies should monitor pollen and mold counts. Maintaining indoor air quality through proper ventilation and air filtration is advisable year-round.