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Ciudad de Atlixco, nestled in the heart of Puebla, Mexico, occupies a geographically significant position within the Valley of Puebla, a high-altitude basin renowned for its fertile lands and historical importance. Located at approximately 18.9000° latitude and -98.4500° longitude, and with an elevation of around 2,100 meters (6,889 feet) above sea level, Atlixco benefits from a temperate, sub-tropical highland climate. The city’s urban character is distinctly colonial, characterized by narrow, winding streets and traditional architecture, reflecting its rich history as a vital agricultural and commercial center. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the Sierra Norte de Puebla, providing a dramatic backdrop and influencing local weather patterns. Atlixco sits on the edge of a significant agricultural zone, primarily dedicated to the cultivation of flowers, fruits (particularly citrus), and vegetables, contributing to both the local economy and potential sources of particulate matter. To the east lies the sprawling metropolitan area of Puebla City, an industrial hub, creating an urban–rural gradient where agricultural practices gradually transition to more industrialized activities. The valley’s topography, with its relatively enclosed nature, can contribute to the trapping of pollutants, particularly during periods of atmospheric stability. The nearby Río Atlixco, while a source of water, doesn't significantly influence air quality due to its limited size and distance from the urban core. The city’s location within a volcanic region also means the soil composition can influence dust generation, further impacting air quality.

Atlixco’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by its subtropical highland climate. The dry season, typically spanning from November to April, often sees a noticeable increase in particulate matter. This is largely attributable to agricultural burning practices – controlled burns used to clear fields for planting – which release significant amounts of smoke and ash into the atmosphere. Furthermore, the lack of rainfall during these months allows dust and other pollutants to accumulate. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler nights of December and January, trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating the issue. Conversely, the wet season (May to October) brings relief as frequent rainfall washes away particulate matter and dilutes gaseous pollutants. Monsoon-like conditions, though less intense than in other regions, contribute to increased humidity and occasional heavy downpours. Fog, particularly in the mornings during the cooler months, can also temporarily reduce visibility and trap pollutants close to the ground. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the wet season, especially during June, July, and August. However, sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of agricultural burning, and be mindful of potential impacts from fog. The transition months of April and October present a moderate risk, with variable conditions and a gradual shift in pollution patterns.