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Mohammedia, nestled on the Atlantic coast within the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco, presents a unique urban geography significantly influencing its air quality. Situated approximately 30 kilometers south of Casablanca, it occupies a relatively low-lying coastal plain, averaging around 15 meters above sea level. This proximity to the Atlantic Ocean introduces a maritime influence, generally moderating temperatures but also contributing to humidity and potential fog events. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, facilitating urban sprawl and a gradual urban-rural gradient extending inland towards agricultural lands and the foothills of the Atlas Mountains. To the west lies the expansive Atlantic Ocean, while to the east, the landscape transitions to rolling plains and eventually the more rugged terrain of the High Atlas. Mohammedia’s strategic location along the coast has fostered industrial development, with several industrial zones concentrated along the coastline, contributing to localized pollution sources. The surrounding region is a mix of agricultural land, primarily dedicated to cereal crops and fruit orchards, and residential areas, creating a complex interplay of urban and rural influences. The prevailing winds, generally from the west, carry pollutants from industrial areas and Casablanca towards Mohammedia, while also providing some degree of natural ventilation. The city’s coastal position and relatively flat topography can exacerbate the trapping of pollutants, particularly during periods of calm weather, impacting overall air quality.

Mohammedia’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its Mediterranean climate and prevailing weather systems. The dry season, spanning roughly from April to October, typically sees higher pollution levels. Summer months (July-August) are characterized by intense solar radiation, leading to increased photochemical smog formation from vehicle emissions and industrial activity. Calm conditions and temperature inversions are common during this period, trapping pollutants close to the ground. The lack of rainfall further exacerbates the situation, as there's no natural cleansing of the atmosphere. Spring (April-May) can also be problematic, with dust storms originating from the Sahara occasionally impacting air quality. The wet season, from November to March, generally brings improved air quality due to increased rainfall, which washes pollutants from the atmosphere. However, periods of heavy rainfall can also lead to increased humidity and localized flooding, potentially releasing pollutants from stagnant water sources. Winter months (December-January) can experience fog, which, while visually striking, can trap pollutants and reduce visibility. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during the summer months and on days with high dust concentrations. Maintaining awareness of local weather forecasts and air quality reports is crucial for making informed decisions about outdoor exposure throughout the year.