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Reçani, nestled within the Drâa-Tafilalet province of Morocco, occupies a geographically significant position in the southeastern part of the country. Located at approximately 31.2859° latitude and -4.2751° longitude, the town sits within the expansive Draa Valley, a fertile oasis carved by the Draa River, the longest river in Morocco. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the rugged Anti-Atlas Mountains to the west and south, creating a dramatic backdrop and influencing local wind patterns. Reçani’s elevation, while relatively modest, contributes to a unique microclimate. The valley floor itself is characterized by date palm groves, agricultural fields, and traditional Berber villages, representing a gradual urban–rural gradient. The Draa River, though intermittent in flow, provides a vital source of irrigation and sustains the region’s agricultural productivity. The proximity to agricultural zones, particularly those utilizing traditional farming practices, can contribute to localized particulate matter from soil disturbance and biomass burning. Further afield, the broader region experiences influences from the Sahara Desert, occasionally bringing dust storms that impact air quality. The town’s location within a relatively isolated valley can also lead to stagnant air conditions, particularly during periods of low wind speed, hindering the dispersion of pollutants. Industrial activity in Reçani itself is limited, but the region’s broader economic activities, including phosphate mining and agricultural processing further upstream, can indirectly affect air quality through transportation and emissions.

Reçani’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by its arid climate and regional weather patterns. The dry season, spanning roughly from October to April, generally sees clearer skies and improved air quality, although dust events remain a possibility. Wind speeds tend to be higher during these months, facilitating pollutant dispersion. However, temperature inversions can occasionally occur during the cooler nights, trapping pollutants near the ground. Spring (March-May) brings a slight increase in agricultural activity, potentially leading to localized emissions from field preparation and fertilizer application. Summer (June-August) is characterized by intense heat and minimal rainfall. High temperatures exacerbate ozone formation, a secondary pollutant, and stagnant air conditions are more frequent due to the atmospheric stability. Dust storms originating from the Sahara are also more common during the summer months, significantly degrading air quality and posing respiratory risks. Autumn (September-November) marks a transition period, with increasing wind speeds and a gradual decrease in temperatures. Agricultural burning, a traditional practice for land clearing, can contribute to elevated particulate matter levels during this time. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during summer months and periods of high dust activity. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the cooler, windier months of the dry season, but vigilance regarding potential temperature inversions is advised. Maintaining awareness of regional weather forecasts and limiting exposure during dust storms is crucial for protecting respiratory health.