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Mahbés, nestled within the Guelmim-Oued Noun region of Morocco, occupies a unique geographical position. Located at approximately 27.4160°N latitude and 9.0510°W longitude, the city is situated in a pre-Saharan environment, transitioning between the Atlas Mountains and the Sahara Desert. The terrain is characterised by rocky plateaus, *hamadas* (stony plains), and *regs* (gravel plains), creating a landscape sculpted by millennia of aridity and wind erosion. Mahbés’s elevation, around 360 meters above sea level, influences local wind patterns and temperature variations. The city isn’t directly adjacent to a major body of water, though seasonal wadis (dry riverbeds) crisscross the region, occasionally carrying sediment and dust. While Mahbés isn’t a heavily industrialised centre, the surrounding region supports some mining activity and extensive nomadic pastoralism, both potential contributors to particulate matter. The urban-rural gradient is stark; Mahbés serves as a market town for surrounding nomadic communities, meaning increased traffic during market days. Dust storms, originating from the Sahara, are a frequent occurrence, significantly impacting local air quality. The limited vegetation cover exacerbates the impact of windblown dust, and the city’s relatively sheltered position can sometimes trap pollutants, leading to localised air quality issues. This combination of factors makes Mahbés particularly vulnerable to airborne particulate pollution.

Mahbés experiences a pronounced dry season, dominating much of the year, and a brief, intermittent wet season, typically between November and February. Air quality is generally poorest during the dry months, particularly in spring (March-May), when strong winds whip across the Sahara, carrying vast quantities of dust and sand. These *chergui* winds, combined with high temperatures, create conditions for significant particulate matter pollution. Summer (June-August) brings intense heat and stable atmospheric conditions, potentially trapping pollutants near the ground, though reduced wind activity can offer some respite from dust. The brief wet season offers temporary relief, as rainfall scavenges particulate matter from the air. However, even during these months, dust resuspension from dampened surfaces can occur. Autumn (September-November) sees a transition, with decreasing temperatures and increasing wind activity. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during spring and summer months. Monitoring wind forecasts is crucial. The cooler, wetter months offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activity, but even then, dust events can occur. Local health advisories should be consulted, and wearing masks during dust storms is strongly recommended.