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Dzouz, nestled within the Marrakech-Safi region of Morocco, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 31.89°N, -7.32°W. The city’s location, though relatively small with a population of 11,527, is intrinsically linked to the broader landscape of the High Atlas Mountains and the fertile plains of the Saïss valley. Dzouz sits at an elevation of roughly 650 meters (2,133 feet), placing it within a transitional zone between the mountainous terrain and the agricultural lowlands. This elevation contributes to localized microclimates and influences air circulation patterns. The surrounding landscape is characterized by a mix of terraced agricultural fields, olive groves, and sparse vegetation typical of a semi-arid climate. To the west, the Atlantic Ocean exerts a moderating influence, though its impact is lessened by the distance and intervening terrain. The proximity to Marrakech, a major urban center approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) to the north, introduces a degree of urban influence, including potential for transported pollutants. The region is primarily agricultural, with significant cultivation of cereals, fruits, and vegetables, which can contribute to seasonal particulate matter from agricultural practices like burning crop residue. The urban-rural gradient around Dzouz is gradual, transitioning from small villages and agricultural holdings to more concentrated settlements. Topographically, the area is gently undulating, which can trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions, particularly during periods of temperature inversion. The city's relatively isolated location, while offering some protection from large-scale industrial pollution, also means it is susceptible to localized sources and regional transport of dust and agricultural emissions.

Dzouz experiences a distinct Mediterranean climate, profoundly impacting its air quality throughout the year. The dry season, spanning roughly from April to October, is characterized by high temperatures and minimal rainfall. This period often sees increased particulate matter concentrations, primarily due to dust storms originating from the Sahara Desert, which are frequently exacerbated by strong, dry winds. Summer months (July and August) are typically the most challenging, with stagnant air and intense solar radiation contributing to ozone formation. The cooler, wetter months (November to March) bring a welcome respite. Rainfall helps to cleanse the atmosphere, reducing particulate matter and ozone levels. However, periods of fog, particularly in December and January, can trap pollutants near the ground, leading to localized episodes of reduced visibility and potentially elevated concentrations of certain gases. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual increase in temperatures and a return of dust events as winds shift. Agricultural activities, including plowing and fertilizer application, can also contribute to localized emissions during this period. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor exertion during the hottest and dustiest periods, particularly in July and August. During periods of fog, indoor air quality can also be affected, so ensuring adequate ventilation is crucial. The transition months of April and October are often unpredictable, with fluctuating wind patterns and temperature changes, requiring vigilance regarding air quality conditions.