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Jdour, nestled within the Marrakech-Safi region of Morocco, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 32.1269° latitude and -8.7633° longitude. The town’s location, while relatively small with a population of around 19,390, is intrinsically linked to the broader landscape of the High Atlas Mountains and the fertile plains of the Haouz. Situated on the foothills of the Atlas range, Jdour experiences a varied terrain, transitioning from gently sloping agricultural land to steeper, rocky slopes as one ascends. This elevation, though modest compared to higher peaks, influences local air circulation patterns. The proximity to the Atlas Mountains creates a rain shadow effect, contributing to a drier climate overall. The Haouz plain, a vital agricultural zone known for its fruit orchards and market gardens, lies to the north, potentially introducing agricultural emissions, particularly during harvest seasons. The urban–rural gradient around Jdour is gradual; the town blends seamlessly into the surrounding agricultural landscape, with small villages and rural settlements dotting the hillsides. While not directly adjacent to a major river, the town benefits from groundwater resources and occasional rainfall runoff from the mountains. The absence of large-scale industrial zones within Jdour itself mitigates some pollution risks, but the town’s connection to Marrakech, a major urban centre approximately 30km away, means it can be affected by transboundary pollution events. The prevailing winds, generally westerly, carry air masses from the Atlantic, but their impact is modulated by the topography, leading to localized variations in air quality.

Jdour’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal rhythm dictated by its Mediterranean climate and the influence of the Atlas Mountains. The dry season, spanning roughly from April to October, typically sees the lowest levels of particulate matter, although dust storms (chergui) originating from the Sahara can significantly degrade air quality during the spring months (April-May). These events, characterized by hot, dry winds, can carry fine dust particles over considerable distances, impacting visibility and respiratory health. Summer (June-August) is generally warm and relatively stable, with stagnant air conditions occasionally leading to localized pollutant accumulation, particularly from agricultural activities like irrigation and pesticide application. The transition to the wet season (November-March) brings cooler temperatures and increased rainfall, which naturally helps to cleanse the atmosphere by washing away pollutants. However, the onset of winter can also bring periods of fog, especially in the mornings, trapping pollutants near the ground and creating localized episodes of reduced air quality. Temperature inversions, common during the colder months, further exacerbate this issue by preventing vertical mixing of the air. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during periods of fog or dust storms, limiting outdoor exertion and ensuring adequate ventilation. The months of March and April, coinciding with the peak of chergui events and agricultural activity, are generally periods to be mindful of air quality, while the wetter months of November and December often offer the cleanest air.