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Lamrasla, nestled within the Marrakech-Safi region of Morocco, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 32.0247° N, -8.9153° W. The city’s terrain is characterized by gently sloping hills, typical of the pre-Saharan landscape, rising gradually from the surrounding plains. Its elevation, though modest, contributes to localized microclimates and influences air circulation patterns. Lamrasla sits on the edge of the fertile Haouz Plain, a vital agricultural zone known for its fruit orchards and market gardens, which can contribute to seasonal particulate matter from agricultural practices like burning crop residue. The proximity to Marrakech, a major urban center approximately 20 kilometers to the northeast, is a crucial factor impacting Lamrasla’s air quality. Marrakech’s industrial activity and vehicular emissions frequently extend into Lamrasla, particularly during periods of low wind. The surrounding landscape is dominated by arid scrubland and gradually transitions into the foothills of the Atlas Mountains to the west, creating a rain shadow effect that limits precipitation and can exacerbate dust events. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; Lamrasla exhibits a distinct rural character, with agricultural land immediately bordering the town, but is increasingly influenced by Marrakech’s expansion. The lack of significant bodies of water nearby limits evaporative cooling and can contribute to higher temperatures, impacting atmospheric stability and pollutant dispersion. The prevailing winds generally blow from the northwest, carrying potential pollutants from Marrakech and the Atlantic coast.

Lamrasla’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by Morocco’s climate. The dry season, spanning roughly from April to October, presents the most significant air quality challenges. During these months, high temperatures and reduced rainfall create stable atmospheric conditions, often leading to temperature inversions, particularly in the evenings. These inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, intensifying their concentration. Agricultural burning, a common practice for land clearing and residue disposal, peaks during this period, releasing significant amounts of particulate matter. The summer months (July and August) are typically the most problematic, with intense heat and minimal wind, resulting in stagnant air and elevated pollution levels. The cooler, wetter months (November to March) offer a respite. Increased rainfall helps to wash pollutants from the atmosphere, and stronger winds facilitate their dispersion. However, fog events, common during the winter, can also trap pollutants, creating localized periods of poor air quality. Spring (March-April) and Autumn (October-November) represent transitional periods with generally improved air quality, though dust storms originating from the Sahara can occasionally impact the region. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during the hottest and driest parts of the day, especially in summer. During periods of agricultural burning, staying indoors with windows closed is advisable. Increased vigilance and awareness of local weather conditions are crucial for minimizing exposure to potential air pollution impacts.