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Sidi Mohamed Lahmar, nestled within the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region of Morocco, occupies a geographically significant position just south of the bustling capital city of Rabat. Located at approximately 34.7167° N, 6.2667° W, the town sits on a gently sloping plain, part of the larger Atlantic coastal plain that characterizes this section of Morocco. The surrounding landscape is a blend of agricultural land, primarily dedicated to cereal crops and olive groves, interspersed with pockets of cork oak forests typical of the region’s Mediterranean climate. The proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, roughly 10 kilometers to the west, exerts a considerable influence on local weather patterns and, consequently, air quality. The elevation is relatively low, averaging around 30 meters above sea level, minimizing the potential for significant vertical mixing of air pollutants. To the north, the urban sprawl of Rabat gradually transitions into more rural agricultural areas, creating a subtle urban–rural gradient. While Sidi Mohamed Lahmar itself is a smaller town, its close proximity to Rabat means it is indirectly affected by industrial activity and transportation emissions emanating from the capital. The terrain’s flatness, combined with prevailing winds from the Atlantic, can lead to the accumulation of pollutants, particularly during periods of low wind speed. The surrounding agricultural practices, including fertilizer use and occasional controlled burns, can also contribute to localized air quality fluctuations, though these are generally less impactful than urban sources.

Sidi Mohamed Lahmar experiences a Mediterranean climate, dictating a distinct seasonal pattern in air quality. The dry season, spanning roughly from May to October, typically sees the highest concentrations of particulate matter. This is largely due to reduced rainfall, which limits the natural cleansing effect of precipitation, and increased dust intrusion from the Sahara Desert, carried by southerly winds. Summer months (July and August) are often characterized by temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, preventing pollutants from dispersing vertically. This phenomenon can lead to stagnant air conditions and elevated levels of pollutants. Conversely, the wet season, from November to April, brings cooler temperatures and more frequent rainfall, naturally scrubbing the atmosphere and improving air quality. Winter months (December and January) can experience periods of fog, which, while visually striking, can also trap pollutants close to the ground. Spring (March-April) and Autumn (October-November) generally offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activity, with moderate temperatures and sufficient rainfall to maintain relatively clean air. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of high dust activity or temperature inversions. Limiting strenuous outdoor activity during these times and monitoring local air quality reports are advisable.