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Souk Tlet El Gharb is situated within the heart of the fertile Gharb plain in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region of Morocco. This landscape is characterized by its low-lying, alluvial terrain, which creates a vast, flat expanse ideal for intensive agriculture. Positioned west of the Middle Atlas foothills and east of the Atlantic coastline, the town acts as a vital commercial hub for the surrounding rural agrarian community. The geography is dominated by a high water table and a network of irrigation channels, making it one of Morocco's most productive zones for citrus and vegetable cultivation. This specific topography significantly influences local air quality; the lack of significant elevation changes means that pollutants can linger during periods of atmospheric stability. The urban character is a blend of traditional market structures and expanding residential clusters, creating a distinct urban-rural gradient where domestic emissions meet agricultural runoff. Because the terrain is so flat, the town is highly susceptible to the transport of mineral dust from the Sahara, carried by northeasterly winds. Furthermore, the proximity to the Atlantic Ocean introduces maritime humidity, which can trap particulate matter near the surface during cool mornings, leading to localized smog. The surrounding landscape, devoid of dense forest cover to act as a windbreak or carbon sink, allows for the rapid dispersal of some pollutants but also exposes the inhabitants to the unfiltered effects of regional agricultural burning, wind-borne soil erosion, and seasonal livestock emissions from the vast rural outskirts that surround the core urban center of the municipality.

In Souk Tlet El Gharb, air quality follows a distinct seasonal rhythm driven by agriculture and Saharan weather. Spring typically brings a mix of moderate air quality, though it is often punctuated by spikes in particulate matter due to the burning of agricultural residues after winter harvests. This period also sees an increase in bio-aerosols and pollen, which can exacerbate respiratory issues for sensitive groups. Summer is the most challenging season, as the region frequently experiences the Chergui, a hot, dry wind from the Sahara. These winds transport vast quantities of mineral dust, significantly elevating PM10 levels and creating a hazy atmosphere. High temperatures during July and August also catalyze the formation of ground-level ozone, making mid-day outdoor activities risky for children and the elderly. Autumn sees a return to agricultural activity, where the clearing of fields often leads to localized smoke plumes that linger in the cool evening air. Winter is generally the cleanest season due to increased rainfall, which washes pollutants from the atmosphere. However, occasional temperature inversions can occur, trapping moisture and domestic heating emissions close to the ground, resulting in dense morning fogs that concentrate pollutants. For those with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the peak dust periods of summer and the burning phases of spring and autumn are the most hazardous. It is advised to limit outdoor exertion during Chergui events and favor the rainy winter months for high-intensity physical activity. To maintain health, residents should monitor wind patterns and stay hydrated during heatwaves.