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Reggada, nestled within the Souss-Massa region of Morocco, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 29.52°N, -9.67°W. The city’s setting is characterized by a gradual transition from the Anti-Atlas Mountains to the west and north, sloping gently towards the Atlantic coast to the southwest. This terrain, primarily consisting of alluvial plains and gently undulating hills, influences local wind patterns and contributes to potential air quality challenges. Reggada’s elevation, relatively low at around 150 meters above sea level, minimizes the natural dispersion of pollutants, particularly during periods of atmospheric stability. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of date palm groves, argan forests, and agricultural fields, vital to the regional economy. These agricultural zones, while providing livelihoods, can also be sources of particulate matter, especially during harvesting and tilling seasons. The proximity to the Atlantic Ocean introduces a maritime influence, bringing moisture and occasionally, sea spray, which can impact visibility and contribute to secondary aerosol formation. Further inland, the Souss River valley provides a corridor for potential agricultural emissions and dust transport. The urban–rural gradient around Reggada is relatively smooth, with small villages and agricultural communities blending into the urban fabric. The absence of major industrial belts directly adjacent to Reggada is a mitigating factor, though transportation corridors connecting it to larger urban centers like Agadir could introduce external pollutants. The prevailing winds, generally from the northwest, play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating pollutants, depending on atmospheric conditions.

Reggada’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by its subtropical climate. The dry season, spanning roughly from May to October, is typically characterized by higher temperatures and reduced precipitation. This period often sees increased dust intrusion from the Sahara Desert, carried by Harmattan winds, significantly elevating particulate matter concentrations. Temperature inversions, common during calm nights in late summer and early autumn, trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating local air quality. The months of July and August are generally the most challenging for outdoor activity, particularly for individuals with respiratory sensitivities. Conversely, the wet season, from November to April, brings cooler temperatures and more frequent rainfall, which naturally cleanses the atmosphere and reduces particulate pollution. However, periods of heavy rainfall can lead to increased humidity and the release of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the surrounding vegetation, potentially contributing to ground-level ozone formation. Fog, particularly during the winter months (December-February), can also trap pollutants, creating localized air quality issues. Spring (March-April) and Autumn (October-November) generally offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities, with moderate temperatures and relatively lower pollution levels. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during the dry season, limiting strenuous outdoor activity during peak dust events and avoiding areas with high traffic density. Staying informed about local weather forecasts and air quality advisories is crucial for minimizing exposure.