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Tamsaout, nestled within the Souss-Massa region of Morocco, occupies a unique coastal position approximately 7km inland from the Atlantic Ocean. Its coordinates (29.5333, -8.8500) place it within a gently sloping terrain, transitioning from the foothills of the Anti-Atlas Mountains to the fertile Souss plain. This plain, historically a significant agricultural area, is characterized by extensive date palm groves and argan tree forests, contributing to the regional landscape and influencing local wind patterns. The city’s proximity to the ocean moderates temperatures, but also introduces a maritime influence on air quality, potentially carrying sea salt and moisture. Tamsaout’s urban character is developing, transitioning from a smaller settlement to a growing town, likely spurred by tourism and its location near Agadir, a major urban centre approximately 20km north. The surrounding landscape is a mix of agricultural land, scrubland, and the increasingly visible presence of tourism infrastructure. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural activities dominating the immediate periphery. The Anti-Atlas Mountains to the east create a barrier that can trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions, while prevailing winds generally blow from the Atlantic, impacting air quality with both marine influences and potential pollutants carried from further inland. The lack of heavy industry within Tamsaout itself suggests that local emissions are primarily related to transportation, residential heating (particularly during cooler months), and agricultural practices, such as burning of crop residues, which can significantly impact air quality.

Tamsaout’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by its coastal location and the broader Moroccan climate. The warm, dry months of June through August typically see the highest temperatures, leading to increased photochemical smog formation. Solar radiation drives reactions between pollutants, creating ground-level ozone, particularly during periods of stagnant air. While the Atlantic breeze usually provides some ventilation, prolonged periods of calm can exacerbate this. Autumn (September-November) brings a gradual shift, with increased wind speeds and slightly cooler temperatures, generally improving air quality. However, agricultural burning, a common practice during this period to clear fields for planting, can cause localized spikes in particulate matter. Winter (December-February) is generally the most favourable season for air quality, with cooler temperatures and more frequent Atlantic winds dispersing pollutants. Fog, however, can occasionally form, trapping moisture and pollutants near the ground. Spring (March-May) sees a return of warmer temperatures and increasing solar radiation, with a gradual rise in ozone levels mirroring the summer pattern. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during the summer months and be mindful of potential agricultural burning in the autumn. Outdoor activities are generally best enjoyed during the winter months, although vigilance regarding fog is advised. The interplay of temperature, wind patterns, and agricultural practices dictates the air quality narrative throughout the year in Tamsaout, demanding adaptive strategies for public health.