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Chokwé, situated in the Gaza Province of Mozambique at approximately -24.5253° latitude and 33.0086° longitude, occupies a geographically significant position within a predominantly low-lying coastal plain. The city’s terrain is generally flat, characteristic of the expansive floodplains formed by the Limpopo River and its tributaries. This flatness, while facilitating urban expansion, also contributes to potential air quality challenges. Chokwé lies relatively close to the Indian Ocean, approximately 60km inland, influencing local weather patterns and potentially introducing marine aerosols into the atmosphere. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural land – primarily sugarcane and maize cultivation – interspersed with savanna woodlands and scattered settlements. This agricultural intensity is a key factor in regional air quality, with burning practices for land clearing and crop residue management being a significant source of particulate matter. The urban–rural gradient around Chokwé is gradual, with small villages and agricultural plots blending seamlessly into the urban fabric. There's a noticeable lack of heavy industrial zones immediately adjacent to Chokwé; however, regional transport corridors pass nearby, contributing to vehicular emissions. The elevation is minimal, rarely exceeding 30 meters above sea level, which can exacerbate the trapping of pollutants, particularly during periods of stable atmospheric conditions. The flat topography and proximity to agricultural lands create a unique vulnerability to air pollution events, especially those linked to agricultural practices and regional weather systems.

Chokwé experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, profoundly impacting its air quality profile. The dry season, typically spanning from May to October, often sees a noticeable increase in particulate matter concentrations. This is largely attributable to agricultural burning practices, as farmers prepare fields for the next planting season. The lack of rainfall during this period allows these pollutants to persist in the atmosphere for longer durations. Wind patterns during the dry season can be variable, sometimes providing some dispersion, but periods of calm can lead to localized pollution build-up. The wet season, from November to April, brings frequent rainfall, which naturally helps to cleanse the atmosphere, reducing particulate concentrations. However, heavy rainfall events can also lead to increased humidity and fog, which can trap pollutants close to the ground, particularly in the early morning hours. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in temperate climates, can occasionally occur during the cooler months of the dry season, further exacerbating pollution trapping. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of agricultural burning. Avoiding outdoor activities during peak burning times and periods of stagnant air is advisable. The increased humidity during the wet season can also trigger respiratory issues in some individuals, so maintaining indoor air quality is important. While the wet season generally offers improved air quality, localized pollution from vehicle emissions and cooking fires remains a concern throughout the year.