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Nestled in the Gandaki Province of central Nepal, Pokhara occupies a strategic position in the Annapurna mountain range at approximately 900 meters above sea level, making it Nepal's second-largest city and a premier tourist destination. The city's geography is defined by its location in the Pokhara Valley, flanked by the towering peaks of the Himalayas to the north and the Mahabharat Range to the south, creating a natural basin that significantly influences air quality dynamics. Pokhara sits on the banks of the Seti River, which flows through dramatic gorges, and is proximate to the serene Phewa Lake, which moderates local microclimates but can also trap pollutants under certain conditions. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced, with the city center exhibiting denser development that transitions rapidly to terraced agricultural lands and forested hillsides, though unplanned urban expansion has increased local emissions from vehicles and construction. While not part of a major industrial belt, Pokhara's economy relies on tourism, agriculture, and small-scale manufacturing, contributing to particulate matter from road dust, biomass burning for cooking and heating, and occasional brick kilns. The valley's topography acts as a natural amphitheater, often leading to temperature inversions that trap pollutants, especially during cooler months, while the surrounding mountains can block dispersive winds, exacerbating pollution episodes despite the region's generally clean reputation compared to Kathmandu.

Pokhara's air quality follows a distinct seasonal rhythm shaped by the South Asian monsoon and Himalayan topography. During winter (December to February), pollution typically peaks due to temperature inversions that trap cold air and pollutants in the valley, compounded by increased biomass burning for heating and calm winds; sensitive groups like asthmatics and the elderly should limit outdoor activities in early mornings when fog and smog mix. Spring (March to May) sees gradual improvement as temperatures rise and pre-monsoon winds begin to disperse pollutants, though occasional dust storms from dry agricultural lands can cause short-term spikes, making late spring favourable for outdoor pursuits. The monsoon season (June to September) brings the cleanest air, as heavy rainfall scrubs pollutants from the atmosphere and strong southerly winds enhance ventilation, offering ideal conditions for hiking and tourism with minimal health risks. Autumn (October to November) marks a transition, with post-monsoon clarity giving way to rising pollution as agricultural burning resumes and inversion conditions reestablish, requiring caution for sensitive individuals during periods of stagnant air. Throughout the year, weather hazards like fog are minimal but can occur in winter, reducing visibility and exacerbating respiratory issues; planning visits during the monsoon or early autumn maximizes air quality benefits.