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Gran, nestled in the Innlandet county of Norway, occupies a geographically significant position within the scenic Gudbrandsdalen valley, often referred to as Norway’s longest and most fertile valley. Located at approximately 60.3667° N, 10.5667° E, the municipality’s terrain is characterized by a blend of gently sloping agricultural land and steeper, forested hillsides rising towards the surrounding mountains. The valley floor, where Gran is primarily situated, benefits from relatively flat expanses ideal for farming, contributing to a predominantly rural-agricultural landscape surrounding the town itself. The municipality stretches towards the southwestern edge of the valley, bordering the Lesja municipality. Gran’s elevation averages around 360 meters above sea level, influencing local weather patterns and air circulation. The valley’s orientation, running roughly north-south, channels prevailing westerly winds, which play a crucial role in dispersing pollutants. The Sjoa River, a tributary of the larger Gudbrandsdalslågen, flows through Gran, providing a natural drainage system and contributing to the region’s overall humidity. While Gran itself isn't directly adjacent to major industrial zones, its position within the Gudbrandsdalen valley means it’s indirectly influenced by agricultural practices and occasional transport-related emissions from the E6 highway, which traverses the valley. The urban–rural gradient is gradual, with small villages and scattered farmsteads blending seamlessly into the surrounding natural environment, minimizing the typical urban heat island effect and generally promoting good air quality.

Gran’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal rhythm dictated by Norway’s climate. During the summer months (June-August), prevailing westerly winds are typically strong and consistent, efficiently ventilating the Gudbrandsdalen valley and minimizing pollutant accumulation. Temperatures are mild, and rainfall is moderate, further aiding in pollutant dispersion. This period generally offers the best air quality for outdoor activities, though occasional pollen spikes can affect sensitive individuals. Autumn (September-November) brings a transition, with decreasing wind speeds and more frequent temperature inversions, particularly in calmer weather. These inversions trap cooler air near the ground, potentially leading to localized increases in pollutants from agricultural activities (e.g., fertilizer application) and residential heating. Winter (December-February) presents the greatest air quality challenges. Cold, stable air masses, coupled with reduced sunlight hours and frequent fog, can exacerbate pollutant concentrations. Residential wood burning for heating becomes more prevalent, contributing to particulate matter. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise, and winds increase, but lingering fog and occasional temperature inversions can still impact air quality. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should be particularly mindful of air quality forecasts during autumn and winter, limiting prolonged outdoor exposure on days with stagnant air or visible fog. Agricultural practices, particularly during the autumn and spring, warrant awareness, as ammonia emissions can temporarily affect local air quality.