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Chak Jhumra is situated in the fertile plains of Punjab, Pakistan, approximately 30 kilometres southwest of Faisalabad, one of the country's major industrial hubs. This strategic location places it within the expansive Punjab agricultural belt, characterised by flat terrain with an elevation of around 184 metres above sea level, which minimises natural ventilation and traps pollutants. The city lies in a semi-arid region, with the Chenab River flowing to the west, though its distance of about 50 kilometres limits any significant moderating effect on local air quality. Chak Jhumra's urban character blends residential areas with small-scale industries and agricultural processing units, contributing to a mix of pollution sources. Its proximity to Faisalabad, a centre for textile, chemical, and manufacturing industries, means it is often downwind of industrial emissions, exacerbated by the region's dense vehicular traffic. The surrounding landscape is dominated by irrigated farmland, where crop residue burning, particularly of rice stubble and wheat straw, releases substantial particulate matter. The urban–rural gradient sees a gradual transition from compact urban cores to peri-urban zones with scattered settlements, leading to diffuse pollution from domestic fuel use and dust from unpaved roads. This geography, combined with low wind speeds typical of the plains, creates a basin effect that accumulates pollutants, making air quality a persistent concern.

In winter, from November to February, Chak Jhumra experiences its worst air quality due to temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground, compounded by increased biomass burning for heating and agricultural residue fires. Dense fog, common in December and January, mixes with smoke to form smog, reducing visibility and elevating respiratory risks—sensitive groups should limit outdoor activities during these months. Spring, from March to May, sees gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds pick up, dispersing pollutants, though dust storms from the Thar Desert can occasionally spike particulate levels. The summer monsoon, from June to September, brings relief with rainfall that scrubs the air, making it the best season for outdoor pursuits, though high humidity can exacerbate ozone formation on hot days. Autumn, in October and early November, marks a transition as agricultural burning resumes post-harvest, leading to a sharp pollution increase—residents should monitor air quality reports and use masks during this period. Year-round, vehicular emissions and industrial output from nearby Faisalabad contribute a baseline of pollutants, with calm winds in the plains often hindering dispersion. Sensitive individuals, such as those with asthma or heart conditions, are advised to avoid strenuous activities during peak pollution months and consider indoor air purifiers.