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Chulucanas, nestled in the Piura region of northern Peru, presents a unique geographic context influencing its air quality. Situated at approximately -5.0961 latitude and -80.1647 longitude, the city lies in a relatively flat coastal plain, approximately 28 meters above sea level. This low elevation contributes to potential temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. The surrounding landscape is predominantly arid and semi-arid, characteristic of the Sechura Desert, with limited vegetation to naturally filter airborne particles. The city’s proximity to the Pacific Ocean, roughly 20 kilometers west, introduces maritime influences, including humidity and occasional coastal fog. However, prevailing winds generally blow from the east, carrying dust and particulate matter from the Andean foothills and agricultural zones inland. Chulucanas functions as a regional commercial hub for the surrounding agricultural areas, particularly those cultivating sugarcane and mangoes. This agricultural activity, alongside smaller-scale industrial operations within the city itself, contributes to localised emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with a rapid transition from densely populated areas to sparsely populated agricultural land, impacting the dispersion of pollutants. The city’s growth, while moderate, is increasing demand for transportation and energy, further influencing air quality dynamics.

Chulucanas experiences a distinct bi-seasonal climate, dominated by a dry season (roughly May to November) and a wet season (December to April). Air quality generally deteriorates during the dry season. The lack of rainfall means pollutants aren’t effectively washed from the atmosphere, and dust from agricultural activities and unpaved roads becomes more prevalent. Strong easterly winds during this period exacerbate the issue, transporting particulate matter across the city. Temperature inversions are also more common during the cooler nights of the dry season, trapping pollutants. December to April brings relief, with increased rainfall cleansing the air, though humidity can also contribute to the formation of mold and allergens. March and April, coinciding with the peak of the wet season, typically offer the best air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should exercise caution during the dry months, particularly August and September. Limiting outdoor activity during peak dust periods and utilising air filtration indoors are recommended. The wet season, while offering cleaner air, can also bring increased allergen levels. Monitoring local conditions and adjusting activity accordingly is crucial year-round.