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Mayorga, nestled in the heart of Leyte province, Philippines, presents a unique geographic context influencing its air quality. Situated at approximately 10.9000°N, 125.0000°E, the municipality is characterized by a gently undulating terrain, transitioning from coastal plains to inland hills. This topography, while providing fertile agricultural land, can also contribute to localized air stagnation, trapping pollutants during calm weather conditions. Mayorga’s proximity to Leyte Gulf, a significant body of water, introduces maritime influences, including sea breezes that can both disperse and transport pollutants. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with rice paddies and coconut plantations dominating the rural areas. While Mayorga isn’t a major industrial hub, regional industrial activity in nearby Ormoc City and Tacloban City can contribute to transboundary pollution. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with the town proper representing a concentrated source of emissions from vehicles, small businesses, and residential cooking. Deforestation in the surrounding hills, though not immediately adjacent, can exacerbate erosion and dust levels, impacting particulate matter concentrations. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial for effective air quality management in Mayorga.

Mayorga experiences a distinct wet and dry season, profoundly impacting air quality. The dry season, typically from February to May, sees a peak in particulate matter due to increased dust from agricultural activities, road construction, and drier conditions facilitating the suspension of pollutants. Lower rainfall means less atmospheric cleansing. March and April are generally the months with the poorest air quality. Conversely, the wet season, spanning June to November, brings significant improvements. Monsoon rains effectively wash away pollutants, and higher humidity reduces dust suspension. However, the wet season also brings increased potential for mold and fungal spores, which can affect respiratory health. December and January offer a transitional period with generally favourable conditions. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in temperate climates, can occur during calmer periods, trapping pollutants near ground level. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the drier months and monitor their health closely. Localized burning of agricultural waste, common after harvest, can cause temporary spikes in pollution regardless of season.