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Tacurong City, nestled in the province of Sultan Kudarat, Philippines, occupies a strategically important position within the broader Mindanao region. Located at approximately 6.68° N, 124.67° E, the city’s geography is characterized by a gently sloping terrain transitioning from the coastal plains towards the interior highlands. This gradual elevation change, averaging around 150 meters above sea level, influences local air circulation patterns. The city sits near the Rio Grande de Mindanao, a major river system, which provides a natural drainage network and contributes to the region’s humid climate. Surrounding Tacurong is a mosaic of agricultural lands, primarily dedicated to rice and corn cultivation, interspersed with coconut plantations and fruit orchards. This agricultural belt contributes to potential sources of particulate matter, particularly during harvest seasons when burning of crop residues can occur. To the west, the landscape rises into the foothills of the Central Mindanao Range, impacting prevailing wind patterns and potentially trapping pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The urban–rural gradient is relatively smooth, with smaller barangays blending seamlessly into the agricultural landscape. While Tacurong isn't a major industrial hub, it serves as a regional trading center, with vehicular traffic contributing to localized air pollution. The city’s coastal proximity also means it can be susceptible to marine-derived aerosols and occasional saltwater intrusion, impacting air quality and visibility. The overall geographic setting presents a complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the city’s air quality profile.

Tacurong’s tropical climate dictates a distinct wet and dry season, profoundly impacting its air quality. The dry season, typically spanning from March to May, often sees a slight increase in particulate matter concentrations. This is partly due to reduced rainfall, which limits the natural cleansing effect of precipitation, and increased agricultural burning practices as farmers prepare fields for the next planting season. The prevailing winds during this period can also become less consistent, leading to localized stagnation and pollutant accumulation. The wet season, from June to November, brings frequent rainfall and higher humidity, generally improving air quality by washing away pollutants and increasing atmospheric moisture. However, periods of intense rainfall can also lead to flooding, which can temporarily release pollutants from inundated areas. During the transition months (December and February), the weather is often characterized by unpredictable rainfall and shifting wind patterns, resulting in variable air quality. Fog, particularly during the cooler months, can trap pollutants near the ground, reducing visibility and exacerbating respiratory issues. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of agricultural burning. Limiting outdoor activities during hazy days and ensuring adequate ventilation indoors are recommended. The monsoon season, while generally improving air quality, can also bring periods of heavy rainfall and associated flooding, requiring vigilance regarding waterborne illnesses and potential exposure to mold and mildew.