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Rumia, nestled within the Pomorskie Voivodeship of Poland, occupies a strategically important position within the Tri-City metropolitan area, bordering Gdańsk and Sopot. Its coordinates (54.5667, 18.4000) place it on a gently undulating terrain, part of the Pomeranian Lake District, characterized by morainic hills and numerous small lakes and streams. The city’s location is approximately 10 kilometers southeast of Gdańsk, a major port city on the Baltic Sea, and benefits from the region’s relatively flat coastal plain. This proximity to the Baltic influences local weather patterns, bringing maritime air masses and occasional sea fogs. Rumia’s urban fabric is a blend of residential areas, light industrial zones, and green spaces, reflecting its evolution from a primarily agricultural settlement to a modern suburban town. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural fields, forests, and smaller villages, creating a gradual urban–rural gradient. To the west lies the expansive coastal belt and the industrial activity concentrated around Gdańsk, while inland, the terrain rises slightly, transitioning into more forested areas. The city’s elevation is relatively low, averaging around 20-40 meters above sea level, which can contribute to the stagnation of pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The presence of the nearby S3 expressway also introduces a source of vehicular emissions, impacting local air quality, particularly along its corridors. The overall geography presents a complex interplay of natural features and human activity, significantly shaping Rumia’s air quality profile.

Rumia’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Winter months (December-February) often see the poorest air quality, primarily due to temperature inversions. Cold, stable air becomes trapped near the ground, preventing the vertical dispersion of pollutants emitted from residential heating (often coal-based) and light industry. Frequent fog, a common occurrence due to the proximity to the Baltic Sea, further exacerbates this issue by trapping particulate matter. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise, and wind speeds increase, facilitating pollutant dispersal. However, agricultural activities, such as fertilizer application, can contribute to ammonia emissions during this period. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with consistent winds and higher temperatures promoting efficient ventilation. Occasional heatwaves can, however, lead to ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) presents a transitional period. As temperatures cool, the risk of temperature inversions returns, though typically less severe than in winter. Leaf fall also contributes to particulate matter. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter months, limiting outdoor exposure on days with stagnant air and reduced visibility. Springtime requires awareness of potential agricultural emissions, while summer heatwaves necessitate monitoring for ozone levels. Maintaining indoor air quality through proper ventilation and air purification can be beneficial throughout the year, particularly during periods of elevated pollution.