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Szczecinek, nestled in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship of Poland, occupies a unique geographical position within the Pomeranian Lake District. The city is situated on the Płonica River, a tributary of the Drawa River, and is characterised by a gently undulating terrain typical of glacial landscapes. Its coordinates, 53.7167° N, 16.6833° E, place it within a broad transition zone between the coastal plains and the more elevated regions of northern Poland. Surrounding Szczecinek are extensive forests – part of the Szczecinek Forest (Puszcza Szczecinecka) – and numerous lakes, creating a landscape heavily influenced by water bodies. This proximity to forests generally contributes to better air quality through natural filtration, but also presents a risk of increased particulate matter during biomass burning events. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural land dominating the immediate surroundings, alongside forestry operations. Historically, Szczecinek’s development was linked to forestry and transport, and while industrial activity is present, it’s less concentrated than in larger Polish cities. The prevailing winds, often westerly, can transport pollutants from regional sources, while local topography can create pockets of stagnant air, particularly during temperature inversions. The city’s elevation, around 140-160 meters above sea level, is relatively low, influencing dispersion patterns.

Szczecinek’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern, largely dictated by meteorological conditions and heating practices. Autumn and winter (November to February) typically experience the poorest air quality. Increased reliance on coal and wood burning for residential heating, combined with frequent temperature inversions – where cold air becomes trapped beneath warmer air – leads to pollutant build-up, particularly particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Calm, stable weather systems during these months exacerbate the issue. Spring (March to May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, though agricultural burning can temporarily elevate particulate levels. Summer (June to August) generally offers the cleanest air, benefiting from prevailing winds and increased atmospheric mixing. However, heatwaves can sometimes trigger photochemical smog formation, increasing ozone concentrations. Sensitive individuals, such as those with respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during autumn and winter. Fog, common in the colder months, can also trap pollutants near ground level. The wet season, generally autumn and winter, can help to wash pollutants from the air, but also increases humidity, potentially worsening respiratory symptoms. Outdoor activity is most favourable during the summer months, but monitoring local conditions is always advisable.