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Semiluki, nestled within the Voronezhskaya Oblast’ of Russia, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 51.68° N, 39.03° E. The city’s terrain is characterized by gently rolling plains, typical of the Central Russian Upland, with an average elevation of around 150 meters above sea level. This relatively flat landscape, while facilitating urban development, can also contribute to air quality challenges, particularly during periods of temperature inversion. Semiluki is situated near the Seim River, a tributary of the Don River, which influences local humidity and can impact the dispersion of pollutants. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields of wheat, barley, and sunflowers dominating the rural areas. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, introduces potential sources of particulate matter, particularly during harvest seasons when machinery operations and crop residue burning can occur. To the east, the city gradually transitions into more forested areas, offering some natural air filtration. The urban–rural gradient is relatively smooth, with smaller villages and agricultural settlements interspersed within a short distance of Semiluki. The Oblast’ itself is part of a broader industrial belt, though Semiluki’s industrial presence is comparatively modest, primarily focused on food processing and light manufacturing. However, transportation corridors connecting larger industrial centers can still introduce pollutants into the local atmosphere. The region's climate, with distinct seasons, further influences air quality patterns, as detailed below.

Semiluki’s air quality experiences a pronounced seasonal cycle dictated by its continental climate. Winter, spanning roughly November to March, often presents the most challenging conditions. Cold temperatures frequently lead to temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, hindering the vertical dispersion of pollutants. This, combined with reduced sunlight hours and increased heating demands (often reliant on coal or other solid fuels in surrounding areas), results in elevated particulate matter concentrations. Fog, common during these months, further exacerbates the problem by trapping pollutants close to the ground. Spring (April-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, aiding in pollutant dispersal. Agricultural activities begin to ramp up, introducing some localized emissions. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with warm temperatures, frequent winds, and ample sunlight promoting efficient dispersion. However, dry periods can increase the risk of wildfires in the surrounding agricultural lands, contributing to smoke pollution. Autumn (September-October) sees a return to more challenging conditions as temperatures cool and the harvest season intensifies agricultural emissions. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter and autumn months, limiting outdoor exposure and monitoring local air quality reports. During the harvest season, even healthy individuals may experience respiratory irritation. Prioritizing indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial during periods of elevated pollution.