Goudomp, nestled within the Sédhiou region of Senegal, presents a fascinating case study in rural urbanisation and its impact on local air quality. Located at approximately 12.5778°N, -15.8722°W, the town sits within the relatively flat terrain characteristic of the Sine-Saloum delta, though a gentle slope towards the south is discernible. The surrounding landscape is dominated by seasonally flooded plains, interspersed with patches of dry woodland and gallery forests along the numerous *bolons* (tidal creeks) that define the region. Goudomp’s proximity to these waterways, while vital for livelihoods like fishing and rice cultivation, also contributes to humidity and potential for stagnant air. The urban character is largely defined by its role as a regional market centre, attracting trade from surrounding villages. While not heavily industrialised, the concentration of activity – vehicle traffic, market fires, and small-scale processing of agricultural products – creates localised pollution sources. The urban-rural gradient is sharp; immediately surrounding Goudomp are agricultural zones focused on rice paddies and millet cultivation, with increasing density of vegetation further afield. Dust from agricultural activities, particularly during the dry season, is a significant factor influencing air quality. The prevailing winds, generally from the west during the rainy season and east during the dry season, play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating these pollutants.

Goudomp experiences a distinct wet and dry season, profoundly influencing its air quality. The dry season, roughly November to May, sees a significant increase in particulate matter. Harmattan winds, originating from the Sahara, carry substantial dust plumes southward, impacting visibility and respiratory health. Agricultural burning, common for land preparation before the rains, exacerbates this issue, releasing smoke and ash. January to March are typically the months with the poorest air quality. Conversely, the wet season (June to October) brings relief. Rainfall effectively washes away dust and suppresses agricultural fires. However, high humidity can trap pollutants near the ground, and stagnant air conditions, particularly during periods of reduced wind, can lead to localised build-up of emissions from vehicle traffic and cooking fires. September and October, towards the end of the rainy season, can experience increased fungal spores and allergens. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in temperate climates, can occur during the cooler nights of the dry season, trapping pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during peak dust periods in the dry season and be mindful of potential allergen spikes at the end of the wet season. Monitoring local conditions and adjusting activity accordingly is crucial.