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Tongjin, located in Gyeonggi Province of South Korea, occupies a strategic position within the broader Seoul Capital Area, approximately 40 kilometers southeast of Seoul. Situated at coordinates 37.2333°N, 127.2000°E, the city lies in a transitional zone between the rugged terrain of the Gwangju Mountains to the east and the flatter plains extending toward the Han River basin to the west. This geography creates a unique urban-rural gradient where Tongjin's urban core blends into agricultural lands and smaller settlements, contributing to mixed air quality influences. The city's elevation averages around 50-100 meters above sea level, placing it in a valley-like setting that can trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. Proximity to the Han River, about 15 kilometers to the northwest, provides some moderating effects but also positions Tongjin within South Korea's industrial belt, where manufacturing and transportation emissions from nearby cities like Suwon and Yongin frequently drift into the area. The surrounding landscape features rice paddies and green spaces that intermittently improve air quality, yet the city's integration into one of East Asia's most densely populated metropolitan regions means it consistently faces urban pollution challenges. Tongjin's location specifically affects air quality through its susceptibility to regional haze, as pollutants from Seoul's megacity complex often accumulate here due to prevailing northwesterly winds, while local sources like vehicular traffic and residential heating add to the burden, creating a complex pollution profile shaped by both topography and human activity.

In Tongjin, air quality follows distinct seasonal patterns driven by South Korea's temperate climate with monsoonal influences. During winter, from December to February, pollution typically peaks due to increased emissions from heating systems, particularly coal and biomass burning, combined with frequent temperature inversions that trap pollutants in the lower atmosphere. Cold, stagnant air and reduced wind speeds exacerbate this, making these months challenging for outdoor activities, especially for sensitive groups like children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions. Spring, from March to May, sees gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, though occasional yellow dust storms from the Gobi Desert can cause sudden spikes in particulate matter, advising caution during such events. Summer, from June to August, offers the cleanest air due to the East Asian monsoon, which brings southerly winds and rainfall that effectively scrub pollutants from the atmosphere, making this season favourable for outdoor exercise and recreation. Autumn, from September to November, experiences a resurgence in pollution as heating demands return and atmospheric stability increases, with October often marking a transition toward winter haze. Throughout the year, fog and humidity can amplify pollution effects by enhancing particle formation, so monitoring local forecasts is essential for planning activities. Sensitive individuals should limit exposure during peak winter months and dust events, while general populations can enjoy summer's relatively clear skies with minimal health risks.