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La Algaba, nestled in the province of Seville, Andalusia, Spain, occupies a strategically important position within the Guadalquivir River Valley. Its coordinates (37.4500, -6.0000) place it approximately 15 kilometers northwest of Seville, the regional capital, marking a transition zone between the urban sprawl of the city and the surrounding agricultural lands. The terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the Guadalquivir’s floodplain, with elevations rarely exceeding 30 meters above sea level. This flatness, while beneficial for agriculture, can exacerbate air quality issues as it limits vertical mixing and allows pollutants to accumulate, particularly during periods of atmospheric stability. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of olive groves, citrus orchards, and irrigated farmland, vital to the Andalusian economy. To the south lies the vast expanse of the Guadalquivir River, offering a degree of humidity and potential for evaporative cooling, though its impact on air quality is secondary to other factors. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; La Algaba retains a distinct rural character, with lower population density and a prevalence of single-family homes compared to Seville. However, its proximity to Seville means it is increasingly influenced by the city’s industrial and transportation emissions. While La Algaba itself lacks significant heavy industry, it serves as a dormitory town for Seville, with many residents commuting daily, contributing to traffic-related pollution. The prevailing winds, generally from the west, can transport pollutants from Seville and other industrial areas eastward, impacting La Algaba’s air quality. The fertile alluvial soils and flat topography contribute to intensive agriculture, which, while generally beneficial, can introduce particulate matter from tilling and fertilizer application.

La Algaba’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by the region’s Mediterranean climate. Summers (July-August) are characterized by intense heat and prolonged periods of atmospheric stability, often leading to temperature inversions. These inversions trap pollutants near the ground, resulting in stagnant air and elevated concentrations of particulate matter and ozone. The dry, hot conditions also increase the risk of dust storms originating from nearby agricultural fields. Spring (April-May) and Autumn (September-October) generally offer the most favourable air quality, with moderate temperatures, increased wind speeds, and more frequent rainfall, which helps to disperse pollutants. However, agricultural activities, such as harvesting and ploughing, can still contribute to particulate matter levels. Winters (November-February) are typically cooler and wetter, with occasional periods of fog, which can trap pollutants and reduce visibility. While rainfall helps to cleanse the atmosphere, the reduced wind speeds and fog formation can lead to localized air quality degradation. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during the hottest and driest summer months and on days with dense fog. During the spring and autumn months, while generally better, it’s advisable to monitor local air quality reports and avoid strenuous outdoor exercise near agricultural areas during peak activity periods. The combination of intense solar radiation and dry conditions in summer promotes ozone formation, while winter inversions can exacerbate the effects of any existing pollution sources.