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Tarrasa, nestled in the Vallès Occidental comarca of Catalonia, Spain, occupies a strategic position approximately 30km north of Barcelona. The city’s geography is defined by its location within a relatively flat alluvial plain, formed by the confluence of the Ripoll and Llobregat rivers. This plain is bordered to the east by the Collserola mountain range, creating a topographical funnel that can influence air circulation patterns. Historically, Tarrasa developed as an industrial hub, particularly focused on textile manufacturing, and remnants of this industrial past – alongside more modern industrial estates – contribute to localised pollution sources. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural land, particularly vineyards and orchards, interspersed with residential areas and expanding urban sprawl. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from dense urban fabric to agricultural fields and then to the foothills of the Collserola range. Tarrasa’s proximity to Barcelona and its associated transport networks (highways and rail lines) means it experiences significant through-traffic, impacting air quality. The Mediterranean climate, characterised by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters, further shapes pollution dispersion. The relatively low elevation (around 230m) doesn’t provide significant atmospheric mixing, potentially exacerbating pollution episodes.

Tarrasa’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from December to February, often sees poorer air quality due to temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground, combined with increased heating demands and reduced sunlight for pollutant dispersal. Calm, stable atmospheric conditions are common. Spring (March-May) brings improvement as temperatures rise and winds become more frequent, flushing out accumulated pollutants. However, agricultural activities, including fertiliser application, can contribute to ammonia levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, aided by strong thermal mixing and prevailing sea breezes. However, prolonged heatwaves can trigger ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period. The return of school and work routines increases traffic, while decreasing sunlight and potential for early morning fog can lead to localised pollution build-up. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should be particularly cautious during winter and autumn. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity during peak traffic hours and periods of calm weather is advisable. Monitoring local forecasts and heeding health advisories is crucial for protecting respiratory health throughout the year.