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Nigrán, nestled in the province of Galicia, Spain, occupies a unique coastal position at coordinates 42.1419, -8.8056. The municipality benefits from a relatively mild, oceanic climate, heavily influenced by the Atlantic. Its terrain is characterised by a mix of rolling hills and a deeply indented coastline, featuring *rias* – the Galician equivalent of fjords – which provide natural harbours and contribute to local humidity. The town itself is spread across a moderate elevation range, generally below 200 meters, with some areas rising slightly inland. Surrounding Nigrán are predominantly green spaces: a blend of pine and eucalyptus forests, interspersed with agricultural land dedicated to small-scale farming, particularly vineyards and fruit orchards. While not a heavily industrialised zone, proximity to larger urban centres like Vigo (approximately 15km north) introduces some regional industrial influence. The urban-rural gradient is quite sharp; moving inland quickly transitions from residential areas to more natural landscapes. This coastal location, while aesthetically pleasing, can trap pollutants during periods of stagnant air, particularly during temperature inversions, impacting local air quality. The prevailing winds, generally from the west, play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating these pollutants, and the open Atlantic provides some, but not complete, dilution.

Air quality in Nigrán experiences a distinct seasonal rhythm. Winter (December-February) often sees poorer air quality due to increased wood burning for heating, coupled with temperature inversions common in the Galician climate. These inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, particularly particulate matter. Spring (March-May) brings improvement as temperatures rise and rainfall increases, washing away accumulated pollutants. However, agricultural activities, including fertilizer application, can contribute to ammonia levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, benefiting from consistent sea breezes and higher mixing heights. However, increased tourist activity and associated traffic can locally elevate nitrogen dioxide levels. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period. The return to cooler temperatures and increased heating demand can lead to a gradual decline in air quality. Fog, a frequent occurrence during autumn mornings, can exacerbate particulate matter concentrations. Sensitive individuals – those with respiratory conditions, the elderly, and young children – should be particularly cautious during winter and autumn months. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity on still, cold days is advisable. Monitoring local conditions and limiting exposure during peak pollution periods is crucial for maintaining respiratory health.