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Jiadong, nestled in Pingtung County, Taiwan, occupies a coastal plain location at approximately 22.4305°N, 120.5471°E. With a population of around 17,838, the town’s geography is defined by its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, specifically the Bashi Channel, and the Central Mountain Range rising sharply to the north and east. The terrain is largely flat, typical of alluvial plains formed by river deposition, making it suitable for agriculture. Jiadong benefits from a subtropical climate, but this also contributes to humidity and potential for stagnant air. The surrounding landscape is a mix of rice paddies, fruit orchards (particularly mangoes and lychees), and increasingly, light industrial activity related to food processing and packaging. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; moving inland quickly transitions from small-town density to agricultural land and then to mountainous terrain. This geographic setting significantly influences air quality. The coastal location means prevailing winds can either disperse pollutants or, under certain conditions, trap them. The mountains act as a barrier, potentially leading to temperature inversions and concentrating pollutants during calm weather. Agricultural practices, including fertilizer use and biomass burning, contribute to particulate matter and ammonia levels. The proximity to the ocean introduces sea salt aerosols, which can act as condensation nuclei, influencing cloud formation and potentially affecting pollutant dispersion.

Jiadong’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern heavily influenced by Taiwan’s subtropical monsoon climate. The autumn months (September-November) often see a deterioration in air quality. The northeast monsoon begins to strengthen, bringing cooler, drier air from the Asian continent, but also potentially trapping pollutants against the Central Mountain Range. Winter (December-February) experiences relatively calmer conditions, with occasional cold fronts causing short-term improvements, but overall, temperature inversions are more frequent, leading to pollutant build-up. Spring (March-May) brings increased rainfall, which helps to wash away pollutants, offering a period of generally better air quality. However, agricultural burning for land preparation can temporarily elevate particulate matter. Summer (June-August) is characterized by the southwest monsoon, bringing warm, humid air and frequent typhoons. While the rain cleanses the air, typhoons can stir up dust and sea salt aerosols. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should be particularly cautious during the autumn and winter months. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity on days with stagnant air or visible haze is advisable. Monitoring local weather reports and air quality advisories is crucial for protecting health.