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Badou, situated in the Plateaux region of Togo, lies at coordinates 7.5833°N, 0.6000°E, a location that significantly influences its air quality. The city is nestled within a gently undulating plateau landscape, characterised by savanna woodlands transitioning into more forested areas further north. This terrain, while offering some natural drainage, can also trap pollutants during periods of atmospheric stability. Badou’s elevation, though modest, contributes to temperature inversions, a common phenomenon in tropical regions that exacerbates air pollution. The city isn’t directly adjacent to a major body of water, but benefits from seasonal rainfall patterns. However, its proximity to agricultural zones – primarily subsistence farming – introduces potential sources of particulate matter from land preparation, crop burning, and the use of fertilizers. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; Badou is a smaller urban centre surrounded by predominantly rural landscapes. While not a major industrial hub, localised artisanal activities and the increasing use of generators for power contribute to emissions. Dust from unpaved roads is also a significant factor, particularly during the dry season. The regional climate is tropical, with distinct wet and dry seasons, impacting pollutant dispersion.

Badou experiences a pronounced wet and dry season cycle that dictates its air quality patterns. The dry season, typically from November to March, sees a significant deterioration in air quality. Reduced rainfall means less atmospheric cleansing, and increased dust resuspension from roads and agricultural lands. Harmattan winds, blowing from the Sahara, can transport substantial amounts of particulate matter, further worsening conditions. Temperature inversions are also more frequent during this period, trapping pollutants near ground level. February and March are generally the months with the poorest air quality. The transition to the wet season, April-May, brings a temporary improvement as rainfall begins to wash away accumulated pollutants. The wet season, June to October, offers the best air quality, with frequent rainfall effectively scrubbing the atmosphere. However, increased humidity can promote the formation of mould spores, potentially impacting respiratory health. August and September, while wet, can experience localised flooding which can stir up sediment and pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should exercise caution during the dry season and consider limiting outdoor activity during peak dust periods.