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Suluova, nestled in the Amasya Province of Turkey, occupies a significant geographic position within the Yeşilırmak River Valley. Located at coordinates 40.8333° N, 35.6500° E, the city is characterized by a landscape of rolling hills and fertile plains, typical of the Black Sea region’s transitional zone between the coastal mountains and the central Anatolian plateau. The elevation, averaging around 350 meters, contributes to localized weather patterns. The Yeşilırmak River, a vital waterway, flows nearby, influencing humidity and potentially trapping pollutants during temperature inversions. Suluova’s urban character is defined by a blend of traditional Anatolian architecture and modern development, reflecting its role as a regional agricultural and commercial center. Surrounding the city are extensive agricultural lands, primarily dedicated to grain and fruit cultivation, which can contribute to particulate matter pollution from field preparation and harvesting activities. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural areas dominating the immediate periphery. Industrial activity is present, though not overwhelmingly concentrated, with smaller-scale manufacturing and processing facilities. This combination of factors – topography, river proximity, agricultural practices, and limited industrial output – shapes Suluova’s unique air quality profile, making it susceptible to both localized and regionally transported pollutants.

Suluova’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern, heavily influenced by meteorological conditions and agricultural practices. Spring (March-May) often sees a rise in particulate matter due to field preparation for planting, coupled with increased pollen counts. Winds are variable, sometimes offering dispersion, but temperature inversions can trap pollutants in the valley. Summer (June-August) generally experiences better air quality, with higher temperatures and more consistent winds aiding in pollutant dispersal, though ozone formation can be a concern on hot, sunny days. Autumn (September-November) is often the most challenging period. Harvesting activities generate dust, and the onset of heating with coal or wood in homes contributes to increased particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Temperature inversions become more frequent as temperatures drop, exacerbating pollution. Winter (December-February) sees consistently poor air quality, driven by heavy reliance on solid fuel for heating and stable atmospheric conditions. Snowfall can temporarily cleanse the air, but often leads to concentrated pollution when it melts. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter months. Spring can also pose risks due to pollen. Monitoring wind direction and avoiding peak heating hours are advisable.