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Polatlı, a district of Ankara province in Turkey, occupies a strategically important location within the Central Anatolian region. Situated approximately 45 kilometers south of Ankara, it lies on the Ankara–Istanbul highway (D-290), a major transportation artery, contributing to its urban development and, potentially, air quality challenges. The city’s geography is characterized by a gently undulating terrain, part of the broader Anatolian Plateau, with an elevation of around 835 meters above sea level. This elevation, while not extreme, can contribute to temperature inversions, particularly during winter months, trapping pollutants closer to the ground. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields of wheat, barley, and sunflowers dominating the rural areas. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, can introduce particulate matter into the air, especially during harvest seasons. To the west, the Kızılırmak River, Turkey’s longest river, provides a limited moderating influence on the local climate, though its impact on Polatlı’s air quality is relatively minor. The urban–rural gradient is noticeable, with Polatlı transitioning from a primarily agricultural setting to a growing industrial and residential area. Several industrial zones exist within and around Polatlı, including facilities related to food processing, automotive components, and textiles, which represent significant potential sources of air pollution. The city’s position along a major highway also means it is susceptible to transboundary pollution and the impacts of vehicle emissions.

Polatlı’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its continental climate. Winters (December-February) are typically the most challenging period. Cold temperatures frequently lead to stable atmospheric conditions and the formation of temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air and pollutants near the surface. This phenomenon, coupled with reduced wind speeds, results in a build-up of particulate matter and other emissions. Fog is also common during these months, further exacerbating the problem by limiting pollutant dispersion. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, helping to clear the air. Agricultural activities begin to intensify, potentially releasing dust and pollen. Summer (June-August) generally sees the best air quality, with strong winds and high temperatures promoting good ventilation. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) marks a transitional period, with decreasing temperatures and increasing humidity. Agricultural activities continue, and the potential for temperature inversions returns as winter approaches. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter months, limiting outdoor activities on days with stagnant air. During harvest seasons, wearing masks can help reduce exposure to agricultural dust. Staying informed about local weather forecasts and air quality reports is crucial for making informed decisions about outdoor activities throughout the year.