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Nestled along Turkey's Mediterranean coastline in Antalya Province, Manavgat occupies a strategic position where the Taurus Mountains meet the sea, creating a distinctive geography that profoundly influences its air quality. Situated at coordinates 36.7833°N, 31.4333°E, the city lies approximately 75 kilometres east of Antalya city centre, positioned within the fertile Manavgat River basin. This river, flowing from the Taurus Mountains through the city before emptying into the Mediterranean, creates a natural corridor that channels both air masses and human activity. The urban area sits at a modest elevation of around 40 metres above sea level, with the dramatic Taurus Mountains rising sharply to the north, creating a natural barrier that can trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. Manavgat's coastal location provides some natural ventilation from sea breezes, but its position in a river valley surrounded by mountains creates microclimates that occasionally lead to atmospheric stagnation. The city represents a transitional zone between intensive agricultural areas—particularly citrus and greenhouse cultivation in the surrounding plains—and the urban core, creating a complex pollution profile that blends agricultural emissions with typical urban sources like vehicle traffic and residential heating. Proximity to the Mediterranean Sea moderates temperatures but also introduces marine aerosols, while the city's role as a regional service centre for surrounding rural communities adds to its traffic-related emissions. The urban-rural gradient is particularly pronounced here, with dense settlement along the river valley giving way to agricultural lands and then mountainous terrain, creating varied exposure patterns across different neighbourhoods.

Manavgat's air quality follows a distinct Mediterranean seasonal pattern, with pollution levels fluctuating according to weather systems, human activity, and natural phenomena. During winter (December-February), cooler temperatures increase residential heating demand, particularly in the city's older neighbourhoods where biomass burning may occur, potentially elevating particulate matter concentrations. Temperature inversions can develop in the river valley, trapping pollutants close to the ground, especially during calm, clear nights. Spring (March-May) typically brings improving conditions as heating demand decreases and increased precipitation helps cleanse the atmosphere, though agricultural activities in surrounding plains—including pesticide application and soil preparation—may introduce occasional pollutants. Summer (June-August) sees generally good air quality due to consistent sea breezes and atmospheric mixing, though increased tourist traffic and energy use for cooling can elevate ozone precursors during heatwaves. The peak tourism season coincides with generally favourable dispersion conditions. Autumn (September-November) presents a transitional period where decreasing temperatures may lead to early heating emissions while reduced precipitation and occasional stagnant conditions can allow pollutants to accumulate. Sensitive groups—including those with respiratory conditions, children, and older adults—should be particularly cautious during winter inversion episodes and during periods of agricultural activity in spring. The best months for outdoor activity are typically May-June and September-October, when temperatures are moderate and atmospheric mixing is generally good. During summer, early morning or late evening activities avoid peak heat while still benefiting from good air quality.