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Gömeç, nestled in the Balıkesir province of Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position within the Marmara Region. Located at approximately 39.39°N, 26.84°E, the town sits on a gently sloping terrain, part of the broader Aegean region’s landscape. Its elevation, averaging around 150 meters above sea level, contributes to localized microclimates and influences air circulation patterns. The surrounding landscape is a tapestry of rolling hills, olive groves, and vineyards, characteristic of the Northwestern Anatolian agricultural belt. Gömeç benefits from proximity to the Aegean Sea, roughly 30 kilometers to the west, which moderates temperatures and introduces sea breezes, though these breezes can also carry pollutants from coastal industrial areas. The urban character of Gömeç is distinctly rural, a small town primarily reliant on agriculture and tourism, with a gradual urban–rural gradient extending outwards into the surrounding farmlands. While not directly adjacent to major industrial zones, Gömeç’s location within the broader Balıkesir region means it can be affected by transboundary pollution originating from larger urban centers and industrial areas further inland. The terrain’s gentle slopes can trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions, particularly during periods of temperature inversion. The dominant land use – agriculture – introduces particulate matter from farming practices, though generally at a lower intensity than industrial sources. The town’s relatively small population (16,880) limits local pollution sources, but regional factors remain crucial to its air quality profile.

Gömeç’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by regional weather patterns. Summers (June-August) are typically hot and dry, characterized by calm winds and frequent temperature inversions, particularly during July and August. These inversions trap pollutants near the ground, potentially leading to stagnant air and increased concentrations of particulate matter and ozone precursors. Agricultural activities, such as harvesting and field preparation, also contribute to summer particulate pollution. Spring (March-May) brings a welcome shift with increased rainfall and stronger winds, which help disperse pollutants, generally improving air quality. However, pollen levels rise significantly during this period, impacting individuals with respiratory sensitivities. Autumn (September-November) sees a gradual cooling and a return to more stable atmospheric conditions, with occasional temperature inversions forming in October and November, similar to summer. The agricultural burning season can also contribute to elevated particulate matter levels during this time. Winters (December-February) are the coldest months, often accompanied by fog, which can trap pollutants and reduce visibility. While overall emissions may be lower due to reduced agricultural activity, the stagnant air and fog can exacerbate localized pollution episodes. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor exertion during periods of temperature inversion or fog, particularly in July, August, October, and November. Staying informed about regional air quality forecasts and avoiding areas with visible smoke is also advisable.